Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation: an overview of indications, complications, and outcomes.

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) has become an accepted therapy for the treatment of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and renal failure from diabetic nephropathy. The procedure has evolved over the last twenty years, and refinements in technique, better organ preservation solutions, and more potent immunosuppressive therapies have improved one-year graft-survival rates to 81% for the pancreas and 88% for the kidney (International Pancreas Transplant Registry Data-1996). Proper patient selection is important, given the increased complexity of the procedure, the increased need for immunosuppression, and the need for compliance with postoperative medications and monitoring. The benefits of a successful SPK include more physiologic glucose metabolism and freedom from dialysis. This review will describe the indications and selection process for potential candidates, outline the procedure and postoperative care, and discuss the potential impact on secondary complications of diabetes mellitus. It will then discuss results and complications from the use of current protocols and immunosuppression at the University of California at San Francisco.