Platt J L, Lin S S
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Dec 30;862:5-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09112.x.
The use of animals as a source of organs and tissues for humans has been an enduring goal of transplantation. Xenotransplantation, as such, would overcome a shortage of human donors and allow for biochemical or genetic approaches to modification of transplants. The use of animal organs and tissue, however, is hindered by an intense immune response of the recipient against the graft. The molecular basis for this immune response has recently been elucidated, at least in part, and specific approaches to therapy, including the genetic engineering of source animals, have been developed. Other hurdles, including the physiologic limitations of the transplant and the possibility of transferring infectious agents from the transplant into the host, may also be important. The development of specific therapies and the application of genetic engineering to overcome these problems can now be envisioned. As the immunologic, physiologic, and infectious hurdles to xenotransplantation are addressed, new efforts will focus on the use of the transplant to impart novel functions to answer the therapeutic needs of the transplant recipient.
将动物作为人类器官和组织的来源一直是移植领域的一个长期目标。因此，异种移植将克服人类供体短缺的问题，并允许采用生化或基因方法对移植器官进行改造。然而，动物器官和组织的使用受到受体对移植物强烈免疫反应的阻碍。这种免疫反应的分子基础最近至少部分得到了阐明，并且已经开发出包括对供体动物进行基因工程在内的特定治疗方法。其他障碍，包括移植的生理限制以及将感染因子从移植物转移到宿主的可能性，也可能很重要。现在可以设想开发特定疗法和应用基因工程来克服这些问题。随着异种移植的免疫、生理和感染障碍得到解决，新的努力将集中在利用移植来赋予新功能，以满足移植受体的治疗需求。
