Pedziwiatr M J
Department of Ethics and of Philosophy, Medical University of Lodz, Al. Kosciuszki 85, 90-436 Lodz, Poland.
Croat Med J. 1999 Mar;40(1):14-9.
Polish physicians-philosophers tried to find a compromise between medicine as a science and medicine as a healing art. They stated that clinical practice should be transformed into science, bearing in mind that there would be no medicine without the existence of the sick. A perfect physician is a good and wise person and not exclusively a proficient expert. Polish physicians exercised a science that they called philosophy of medicine. It included logic, psychology, and medical ethics. The Polish school claimed that the history of medicine and philosophy of medicine are necessary for future doctors. The historical and philosophical approach makes it possible to recognize the subject of medicine (health, disease, and the sick) and its aim (treatment, restoration of health or just alleviation of suffering). The ethics teaches what values are pursued by medicine, what moral duties a doctor has, and what role model to follow to become a good physician. Placing the sick in the focus of medical interest, the Polish school taught future physicians to see in them suffering fellow men who should be embraced with care, compassion, and Christian charity. Such an approach to the ethical aspect of medical philosophy became incorporated into an education towards humane values, responsibility for ones' life and health in the spirit of the ethics of care.
波兰的医生兼哲学家们试图在作为一门科学的医学和作为一门治疗艺术的医学之间找到一个折衷点。他们指出，临床实践应转化为科学，同时要记住，没有病人就没有医学。一个完美的医生是一个善良且明智的人，而不仅仅是一个精通专业的专家。波兰医生践行着一门他们称之为医学哲学的学科。它包括逻辑学、心理学和医学伦理学。波兰学派声称，医学史和医学哲学对未来的医生来说是必不可少的。历史和哲学的方法使人们有可能认识医学的主题（健康、疾病和病人）及其目标（治疗、恢复健康或仅仅减轻痛苦）。伦理学教导医学追求哪些价值观、医生有哪些道德义务以及要成为一名好医生应效仿什么样的榜样。波兰学派将病人置于医学关注的焦点，教导未来的医生把他们视为受苦的同胞，应该用关怀、同情和基督教慈善去接纳他们。这种对医学哲学伦理层面的方法被纳入了以人文价值观为导向的教育中，即以关怀伦理的精神对自己的生命和健康负责。
