Pfaff G
J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1976 Sep;47(3):215-8.
In South Africa 2,41% of horses bleed in a race. If all raced until they were 7 years old probably another 2,12% would bleed. Many others bleed after the race or during exercise or at rest. The incidence of epistaxis is significantly greater in geldings than in females and uncastrated males (P less than 0,001). There is an age distribution of bleeding which is highest at 4 years and lowest at 2 years of age (P less than 0,001).
在南非，2.41%的马匹在比赛中出血。如果所有马匹都参赛至7岁，可能另有2.12%的马匹会出血。还有许多马匹在赛后、运动中或休息时出血。鼻出血的发生率在去势雄马中显著高于雌性和未去势雄马（P小于0.001）。出血存在年龄分布，4岁时最高，2岁时最低（P小于0.001）。
