Clark N M, Dodge J A
Public Health, School of Public Health at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2029, USA.
Health Educ Behav. 1999 Feb;26(1):72-89. doi: 10.1177/109019819902600107.
Self-efficacy is posited in social cognitive theory as fundamental to behavior change. Few health behavior studies have examined self-efficacy prospectively, viewed it as part of a reciprocal behavioral process, or compared self-efficacy beliefs in the same population across different behaviors. This article first discusses self-efficacy in its theoretical context and reviews the available prospective studies. Second, it explores self-efficacy as a predictor of disease management behaviors in 570 older women with heart disease. Although the R2 statistics in each case were modest, the construct is shown to be a statistically significant (p<.05) predictor at both 4 and 12 months postbaseline of several disease management behaviors: using medicine as prescribed, getting adequate exercise, managing stress, and following a recommended diet. Building self-efficacy is likely a reasonable starting point for interventions aiming to enhance heart disease management behaviors of mature female patients.
自我效能感在社会认知理论中被认为是行为改变的基础。很少有健康行为研究对自我效能感进行前瞻性研究，将其视为相互行为过程的一部分，或在同一人群中比较不同行为的自我效能感信念。本文首先在理论背景下讨论自我效能感，并回顾现有的前瞻性研究。其次，探讨自我效能感作为570名老年心脏病女性疾病管理行为预测指标的情况。尽管每种情况下的R2统计量都不高，但该构念在基线后4个月和12个月时被证明是几种疾病管理行为的统计学显著（p<.05）预测指标：按处方用药、进行适当锻炼、管理压力以及遵循推荐饮食。增强自我效能感可能是旨在改善成年女性患者心脏病管理行为的干预措施的合理起点。
