Patton L L, McKaig R G, Strauss R P, Eron J J
Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7450, USA.
Oral Dis. 1998 Sep;4(3):164-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.1998.tb00274.x.
Examine variations in oral manifestations of HIV by gender, race, risk behaviors, substance use and immune status in a previously unstudied population in the southeast region of the USA.
Cross-sectional analytic study.
Academic medical center, North Carolina, USA.
First 238 HIV-infected adults (76% male; 59% Black) enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study.
Oral examination, medical chart review, sociodemographic and behavioral interview. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses.
Presence of oral manifestations of HIV.
50% had recent CD4 counts < 200 cells microliters-1, 48% had one or more oral lesion. Specific lesion prevalence: hairy leukoplakia (OHL) 26.5%; candidiasis (OC) 20%; HIV-associated periodontal diseases (HIV-PD) 8.8%; aphthae 4.2%; papillomas 2.5%; herpes simplex 2.1%; HIV salivary gland disease 2.1%; Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) 1.7%; other 1.3%. In bivariate analyses, OHL was associated with being male, White, having a CD4 < 200, and men who have sex with men (MSM); OC was associated with CD4 < 200 and current smoking; HIV-PD was associated with consumption of more than seven alcohol-containing drinks per week; KS was associated with being male and MSM. Significant variables in multivariable analysis for presence of any oral lesion were White, CD4 < 200, and more than seven drinks/week; for OHL were male and CD4 < 200; and for OC were White, CD4 < 200, current smoking, and not MSM.
MSM were at increased risk for KS and OHL, not OC, while smokers were at increased risk of OC. OC, OHL, and any oral lesion were associated with immune suppression. OHL was more likely in males independent of CD4 count.
在美国东南部一个此前未被研究过的人群中，研究按性别、种族、风险行为、物质使用情况和免疫状态划分的HIV口腔表现差异。
横断面分析研究。
美国北卡罗来纳州的学术医疗中心。
参与一项正在进行的纵向研究的首批238名HIV感染成人（76%为男性；59%为黑人）。
口腔检查、病历审查、社会人口统计学和行为访谈。进行描述性、双变量和多变量分析。
HIV的口腔表现。
50%的人最近CD4细胞计数<200个/微升，48%的人有一个或多个口腔病变。具体病变患病率：毛状白斑（OHL）26.5%；念珠菌病（OC）20%；HIV相关牙周病（HIV-PD）8.8%；口疮4.2%；乳头状瘤2.5%；单纯疱疹2.1%；HIV涎腺病2.1%；卡波西肉瘤（KS）1.7%；其他1.3%。在双变量分析中，OHL与男性、白人、CD4<200以及男男性行为者（MSM）有关；OC与CD4<200和当前吸烟有关；HIV-PD与每周饮用超过七杯含酒精饮料有关；KS与男性和MSM有关。多变量分析中，存在任何口腔病变的显著变量为白人、CD4<200以及每周饮用超过七杯饮料；OHL的显著变量为男性和CD4<200；OC的显著变量为白人、CD4<200、当前吸烟以及非MSM。
MSM患KS和OHL的风险增加，而非OC，而吸烟者患OC的风险增加。OC、OHL和任何口腔病变都与免疫抑制有关。无论CD4计数如何，男性患OHL的可能性更大。
