Merne M E, Tiekso J T, Syrjänen S M
Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.
Oral Dis. 1998 Sep;4(3):207-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.1998.tb00280.x.
The popularity of snuff especially among adolescents is rising. The association between long-term snuff use and oral cancer discovered in epidemiological studies has prompted a variety of preventive measures to be taken to reduce snuff use and prevent adoption of the habit. In this study, the effect of a recent (1 March, 1995) snuff sales ban introduced in Finland was investigated. Further, the rates of smoking, snuff use, alcohol use and drug experimenting were investigated before the introduction of the ban to characterize the study population.
Two questionnaire studies were carried out. The first was carried out 3 months prior to the ban in 1994 and the second 9 months after the ban in 1995 in a senior high school population in southwestern Finland. The participants were 793 students (aged 15-22 years) in the first survey and 545 students (aged 16-23) in the second. Associations between variables were analyzed using cross-tabulation and step-wise logistic regression. The effects of the ban were determined on the basis of direct questions in the second questionnaire relating to the snuff sales ban.
Snuff was used by 9% of the students participating in the first study. The results of the second questionnaire indicate that the implementation of the snuff sales ban reduced the rate of snuff use by 1% in the study population. The majority of the snuff users (76%) reported that they had maintained their snuff habit. Of those reporting that they were snuff users before implementation of the snuff sales ban, 12% had switched to smoking and 5% to drugs.
The results of the present study suggest that the snuff sales ban in this population with a high rate of snuff use had little effect on snuff use rates and may have some short-term negative consequences as some snuff users switch to other substitutes, such as smoking, with known adverse health effects.
鼻烟的流行程度，尤其是在青少年中的流行程度正在上升。流行病学研究发现长期使用鼻烟与口腔癌之间的关联促使人们采取各种预防措施来减少鼻烟使用并防止养成这种习惯。在本研究中，调查了芬兰最近（1995年3月1日）实施的鼻烟销售禁令的效果。此外，在禁令实施前调查了吸烟、鼻烟使用、饮酒和药物试验的发生率，以描述研究人群的特征。
进行了两项问卷调查研究。第一次调查于1994年禁令实施前3个月进行，第二次调查于1995年禁令实施后9个月在芬兰西南部的一所高中学生中进行。第一次调查的参与者为793名学生（年龄在15 - 22岁之间），第二次调查的参与者为545名学生（年龄在16 - 23岁之间）。使用交叉列表和逐步逻辑回归分析变量之间的关联。根据第二次问卷中与鼻烟销售禁令相关的直接问题确定禁令的效果。
参与第一项研究的学生中有9%使用鼻烟。第二次问卷调查结果表明，鼻烟销售禁令的实施使研究人群中的鼻烟使用率降低了1%。大多数鼻烟使用者（76%）报告称他们保持了鼻烟使用习惯。在报告在鼻烟销售禁令实施前是鼻烟使用者的人中，12%转而吸烟，5%转而使用毒品。
本研究结果表明，在这个鼻烟使用率较高的人群中实施的鼻烟销售禁令对鼻烟使用率影响不大，并且可能产生一些短期负面后果，因为一些鼻烟使用者转而使用其他替代品，如吸烟，而吸烟对健康有已知的不良影响。
