Nordgren P, Ramström L
Department for Public Health and Epidemiology, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden.
Br J Addict. 1990 Sep;85(9):1107-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb03435.x.
Snuff-dipping was already widespread in Sweden in the 19th century. After the 1920s snuff sales went down, but Sweden still kept its position as world leader in per capita consumption of moist snuff. Following a major advertising campaign snuff consumption began rising again in the late 1960s. The Swedish Tobacco Company claims that Swedish snuff is a 'less harmful' alternative to cigarettes. Swedish epidemiological studies indicate that there is a cancer risk from snuff-dipping, but it is low compared with smoking. Accordingly, the STC claims to "do a good job replacing cigarettes with snuff". However, an analysis of the trends in tobacco usage patterns in Sweden during the last few decades does not support this claim. The marketing of moist snuff has not primarily attracted older smokers who would seek help in order to stop smoking, but young people. The use of snuff is no prerequisite and no guarantee for a decrease of smoking. On the contrary, taking up snuff must be seen as an introduction to the tobacco habit and possibly a first step towards taking up cigarettes.
19世纪，鼻烟吸食在瑞典已经很普遍。20世纪20年代后，鼻烟销量下降，但瑞典在湿鼻烟人均消费量方面仍保持世界领先地位。经过一场大规模广告宣传活动后，鼻烟消费量在20世纪60年代末又开始上升。瑞典烟草公司声称瑞典鼻烟是比香烟“危害更小”的替代品。瑞典的流行病学研究表明，鼻烟吸食存在患癌风险，但与吸烟相比风险较低。因此，瑞典烟草公司宣称“在用鼻烟替代香烟方面做得很好”。然而，对瑞典过去几十年烟草使用模式趋势的分析并不支持这一说法。湿鼻烟的营销主要吸引的不是那些寻求戒烟帮助的老年吸烟者，而是年轻人。使用鼻烟并非减少吸烟的前提条件，也不能保证减少吸烟。相反，开始使用鼻烟必须被视为养成烟草习惯的开端，甚至可能是迈向吸烟的第一步。
