Wallaert B, Fahy O, Tsicopoulos A
Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires-Hôpital A. Calmette, Lille.
Allerg Immunol (Paris). 1998 Dec;30(10):311-6.
The respiratory pathological symptoms induced by atmospheric pollutants are closely dependent on the action of the aerocontaminants on the cells of the respiratory tract that are exposed to their effects. Two methods of experimental investigation are used to specify the effects of pollutants on the respiratory system: Study of the morphological and functional alterations of animal respiratory systems after exposure to different pollution constituents. Exposure of bronchitic or pulmonary cells to microquantities of pollutants, using different techniques that create direct contact between the pollutant and target cells. In animals gaseous pollutants alter the means of defence (muco-ciliary purification and antibacterial defence), inducing development of a neutrophil inflammatory reaction and, for ozone and NO2 favouring sensitisation by allergen-dependent IgE; diesel particles are responsible for restrictive ventilation problems, an inflammatory reaction, a sensitisation develops to pneumoallergens and in some cases of the development of pulmonary tumours. In vitro studies specify the cellular mechanisms and the molecules that are responsible for the observed phenomena: increase in the synthesis and expression of messenger DNA the codes for the pro-inflammatory cytokines, adherance molecules and chimiokines.
大气污染物引起的呼吸道病理症状在很大程度上取决于空气污染物对暴露于其影响下的呼吸道细胞的作用。有两种实验研究方法用于明确污染物对呼吸系统的影响：研究动物呼吸系统在暴露于不同污染成分后形态和功能的改变。使用不同技术使支气管或肺细胞直接接触微量污染物。在动物中，气态污染物会改变防御方式（黏液纤毛净化和抗菌防御），引发中性粒细胞炎症反应，并且对于臭氧和二氧化氮而言，会促进依赖变应原的IgE介导的致敏作用；柴油颗粒会导致限制性通气问题、炎症反应，会对肺炎变应原产生致敏作用，在某些情况下还会导致肺部肿瘤的发生。体外研究明确了导致所观察到现象的细胞机制和分子：促炎细胞因子、黏附分子和趋化因子的信使DNA编码的合成和表达增加。
