Pauli G, Kopferschmitt M C, de Blay F
Service Pneumologie-Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg-Hôpital Civil.
Allerg Immunol (Paris). 1998 Dec;30(10):317-22.
Experimental studies in man are an indispensable complement to epidemiological studies and experimental studies on animals. They aim at understanding the mechanisms of action of the main pollutants and at knowing their thresholds of triggering of the acute effects on the respiratory system. The studies made in man involve controlled exposure to different atmospheric pollutants, with measurement of the functional respiratory repercussions, studies of modification of the cells in broncho-alveolar lavage, as well as experimental protocols that combine inhalation of allergen and exposure to atmospheric pollutants by allergic subjects. The main results that are available are reported to distinguish those from normal subjects and those who are allergic. More recent protocols are based on exposure to concentrations that are close to atmospheric concentrations or those that are met in work places. The main data in the literature are reported in this journal and concern SO2 acid aerosols, dioxides of nitrogen, ozone and diesel particles. Pathogenic hypotheses concerning the undesirable effects of atmospheric pollutants on the respiratory system are considered.
人体实验研究是流行病学研究和动物实验研究不可或缺的补充。它们旨在了解主要污染物的作用机制，并确定其引发呼吸系统急性效应的阈值。人体研究包括对不同大气污染物的受控暴露，同时测量呼吸功能的影响，研究支气管肺泡灌洗中细胞的变化，以及针对过敏受试者将过敏原吸入与大气污染物暴露相结合的实验方案。现有的主要结果被报告，以区分正常受试者和过敏受试者的结果。最新的实验方案基于接近大气浓度或工作场所中遇到的浓度的暴露。文献中的主要数据在本期刊中报道，涉及二氧化硫酸气溶胶、二氧化氮、臭氧和柴油颗粒。文中考虑了关于大气污染物对呼吸系统不良影响的致病假说。
