Benito Fernández J, Mintegui Raso S, Sánchez Echániz J, Vázquez Ronco M A, Pijoán Zubizarreta J I
Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital de Cruces, Vizcaya.
An Esp Pediatr. 1998 Dec;49(6):577-81.
The purpose of this study was to investigate recent changes in the emergency room visits and hospital admission rates between 1993 and 1997 in our hospital.
From January 1, 1993 until December 31, 1997, the 12,848 patients between 0 and 14 years of age whose discharge diagnosis was coded as asthma (ICD9) and who were managed in the emergency room of our hospital were included in the study.
During the study period, the number of emergency room visits for asthma (EA) remained unchanged. However, in children between 0 and 5 years of age the number of EA showed a significant increase from 1305 in 1993 (53.5% of all EA) to 1849 in 1997 (68.9% of EA), with an increase of the repeat visits in this age group from 46 (35.8% of all EA in this age group) in 1993 to 791 (42.8%) in 1997 (p < 0.01). In the same period of time, the admission rates for asthma decrease from 7.2% to 2.9% (p < 0.01). There was a trend towards more intense treatment of asthma in the emergency observation unit.
There has been an upward trend in the number of acute asthma episodes between 1993 and 1997 in children between 0 and 5 years of age. It was associated with an increase in the number of repeat visits per patient. The use of a more intense treatment in the emergency observation unit was associated with a reduction in the hospitalization rate for asthma.
本研究旨在调查1993年至1997年间我院急诊就诊率和住院率的近期变化情况。
选取1993年1月1日至1997年12月31日期间，在我院急诊室接受治疗、出院诊断编码为哮喘（ICD9）的12848例0至14岁患者纳入研究。
研究期间，哮喘急诊就诊次数（EA）总体未变。然而，0至5岁儿童的EA次数显著增加，从1993年的1305次（占所有EA的53.5%）增至1997年的1849次（占EA的68.9%），该年龄组的复诊次数从1993年的46次（占该年龄组所有EA的35.8%）增至1997年的791次（42.8%）（p<0.01）。同期，哮喘住院率从7.2%降至2.9%（p<0.01）。在急诊观察室，哮喘治疗有强化趋势。
1993年至1997年间，0至5岁儿童急性哮喘发作次数呈上升趋势，且与每位患者复诊次数增加有关。在急诊观察室采用强化治疗与哮喘住院率降低有关。
