Kleinert M, Beer P, Taylessani A
Z Kardiol. 1976 Oct;65(10):907-18.
Between March 1972 and December 1975 87 atrial leads were implanted into 85 patients. In 37 cases the transmediastinal retrocardial approach was preferred. In all the other cases the electrodes were introduced transvenous endocardially. The results showed: 1. There exist techniques of atrial lead emplacement which, when applying suitable lead designs, guarantee an anatomic stable positioning either on the left or in the right atrium. Especially the new transvenous J-shaped electrodes of type Medtronic TJL can be positioned easily. The dislodgement ratio of these leads amounts of only 6%. 2. Retro- as well as intracardially very high action voltages were found. The ones sensed by the J-tip-electrodes from the endocardial surface of the right appendage even run up to 5,4 mV. 3. In spite of relatively high initial thresholds, no exit block was seen in any of the 34 cases, in whom atrial leads were inserted transvenous endocardially for permanent atrial pacing.
1972年3月至1975年12月期间，为85例患者植入了87根心房导联。37例采用经纵隔心后途径。在所有其他病例中，电极经静脉心内膜植入。结果显示：1. 存在心房导联放置技术，当应用合适的导联设计时，可确保在左心房或右心房实现解剖学上的稳定定位。特别是美敦力TJL型新型经静脉J形电极易于定位。这些导联的脱位率仅为6%。2. 在心外膜及心内膜均发现非常高的动作电压。从右心耳心内膜表面由J形尖端电极感知到的电压甚至高达5.4mV。3. 尽管初始阈值相对较高，但在经静脉心内膜插入心房导联进行永久性心房起搏的34例患者中，均未出现出口阻滞。
