McQuillan G M, Coleman P J, Kruszon-Moran D, Moyer L A, Lambert S B, Margolis H S
National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Md. 20782, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1999 Jan;89(1):14-8. doi: 10.2105/ajph.89.1.14.
Data from 2 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), NHANES II (1976-1980) and NHANES III (1988-1994), were analyzed to examine trends in the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the United States.
Serum specimens were tested for markers of hepatitis B virus infection, and risk factors were determined from questionnaires.
The overall age-adjusted prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was 5.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.8, 6.2) in NHANES II, as compared with 4.9% (95% CI = 4.3, 5.6) in NHANES III. In both surveys, Black participants had the highest prevalence of infection (NHANES II, 15.8%; NHANES III, 11.9%). No differences in infection were found in the major racial groups between surveys, except for a decrease among those older than 50 years. Black race, increasing number of lifetime sexual partners, and foreign birth had the strongest independent associations with hepatitis B virus infection.
Testing of participants in 2 national surveys demonstrates no significant decrease in hepatitis B virus infection, despite the availability of hepatitis B vaccine.
分析来自两项全国健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，即NHANES II（1976 - 1980年）和NHANES III（1988 - 1994年），以研究美国乙肝感染患病率的趋势。
检测血清标本中的乙肝病毒感染标志物，并通过问卷确定危险因素。
NHANES II中经年龄调整后的乙肝病毒感染总体患病率为5.5%（95%置信区间[CI]=4.8，6.2），而NHANES III中为4.9%（95%CI = 4.3，5.6）。在两项调查中，黑人参与者的感染患病率最高（NHANES II为15.8%；NHANES III为11.9%）。除50岁以上人群感染率有所下降外，各主要种族群体在两次调查中的感染情况无差异。黑人种族、终身性伴侣数量增加以及国外出生与乙肝病毒感染的独立关联最为显著。
两项全国性调查参与者的检测结果表明，尽管有乙肝疫苗可用，但乙肝病毒感染率并未显著下降。
