Teshale Eyasu H, Denniston Maxine M, Drobeniuc Jan, Kamili Saleem, Teo Chong-Gee, Holmberg Scott D
Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
J Infect Dis. 2015 Feb 1;211(3):366-73. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu466. Epub 2014 Aug 21.
Previous population-based estimates in the United States have shown a relatively high prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibody. We sought to determine whether changes in the prevalence of HEV antibody have occurred over time.
We analyzed data from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and NHANES III (1988-1994). Using the same serologic assay, we compared the estimated anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) prevalence and risk factors for antibody positivity for the 2 periods.
The prevalence of HEV antibody among those aged ≥6 years declined from 10.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.1%-11.4%) during 1988-1994 to 6.0% (5.2%-6.8%) during 2009-2010, and the prevalence for those of US birth ranged from 9.6% (8.4%-10.9%) to 5.2% (4.4%-6.2%). Among US-born persons, the estimated HEV antibody prevalence declined significantly for all subgroups of age, sex, region of residence, and number of persons per room in the household; significant declines also were observed for persons at or above poverty level and for persons of non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American race/ethnicity. No clear associations with food consumption were found.
The anti-HEV prevalence is declining in the United States. Although the decline suggests a decrease in exposure to HEV over time, the risks associated with exposure remain unknown.
美国此前基于人群的估计显示戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）抗体的患病率相对较高。我们试图确定HEV抗体患病率是否随时间发生了变化。
我们分析了2009 - 2010年国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）以及NHANES III（1988 - 1994年）的数据。使用相同的血清学检测方法，我们比较了这两个时期抗HEV免疫球蛋白G（IgG）的估计患病率以及抗体阳性的危险因素。
年龄≥6岁人群中HEV抗体的患病率从1988 - 1994年的10.2%（95%置信区间[CI]，9.1% - 11.4%）降至2009 - 2010年的6.0%（5.2% - 6.8%），在美国出生人群中的患病率从9.6%（8.4% - 10.9%）降至5.2%（4.4% - 6.2%）。在美国出生的人群中，所有年龄、性别、居住地区以及家庭人均房间数亚组的HEV抗体估计患病率均显著下降；贫困线及以上人群以及非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人、墨西哥裔美国人种族/族裔人群的患病率也显著下降。未发现与食物消费有明确关联。
美国抗HEV患病率正在下降。尽管这种下降表明随着时间推移接触HEV的情况减少，但与接触相关的风险仍未知。
