Steptoe A, Wardle J, Lipsey Z, Mills R, Oliver G, Jarvis M, Kirschbaum C
St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, UK.
Ann Behav Med. 1998 Spring;20(2):84-91. doi: 10.1007/BF02884453.
The effects of variations in work load (indexed by paid work hours) on psychological well-being, cortisol, smoking, and alcohol consumption were examined in a sample of 71 workers (44 women, 27 men) in the retail industry. Measures were obtained on four occasions over a six-month period, and assessments were ranked individually according to hours of work over the past seven days. Job strain (demand/control) and job social support were evaluated as potential moderators of responses. Paid work hours ranged from a mean of 32.6 to 48.0 hours per week, and ratings of work-home conflict and perceived stress varied across assessments. Salivary cortisol was inversely associated with job strain and did not vary across sessions. Female but not male smokers consumed more cigarettes during periods of long work hours, and self-reported smoking and cotinine concentrations were greater among smokers with higher nicotine dependency scores. Men but not women with poor social supports consumed more alcohol as work hours lengthened. These data indicate that health behaviors are affected only to a limited extent by variations in work load. Results are discussed in the context of adaptation to work and the pathways linking stressful experience with health risk.
在零售业的71名员工（44名女性，27名男性）样本中，研究了工作量变化（以带薪工作时长为指标）对心理健康、皮质醇、吸烟和饮酒的影响。在六个月的时间里进行了四次测量，并根据过去七天的工作时长对评估结果进行了单独排序。工作压力（需求/控制）和工作社会支持被评估为反应的潜在调节因素。带薪工作时长平均每周从32.6小时到48.0小时不等，工作-家庭冲突和感知压力的评分在各次评估中有所不同。唾液皮质醇与工作压力呈负相关，且在各时段无变化。女性吸烟者（而非男性吸烟者）在工作时间长的时期吸烟更多，尼古丁依赖得分较高的吸烟者自我报告的吸烟量和可替宁浓度更高。社会支持较差的男性（而非女性）随着工作时长的延长饮酒量增加。这些数据表明，健康行为仅在有限程度上受到工作量变化的影响。在适应工作以及将压力经历与健康风险联系起来的途径的背景下对结果进行了讨论。
