Studies on the pathway of cyclic electron flow in mesophyll chloroplasts of a C4 plant.

1. Cyclic photophosphorylation driven by white light, as followed by 14CO2 fixation by mesophyll chloroplast preparations of the C4 plant Digitaria sanguinalis, was specifically inhibited by disalicylidenepropanediamine (DSPD), antimycin A, 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB), 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDAC), and KCN suggesting that ferredoxin, cytochrome b563, plastoquinone, cytochrome f, and plastocyanin are obligatory intermediates of cyclic electron flow. It was found that 0.2 muM DCMU and 40 muM o-phenanthroline blocked noncyclic electron flow, stimulated cyclic photophosphorylation, and caused a partial reversal (40-100%) of the inhibition by DBMIB and antimycin A, but not DSPD. 2. Cyclic photophosphorylation could also be activated using only far-red illumination. Under this condition, however, cyclic photophosphorylation was much less sensitive to the inhibitors DBMIB, EDAC and antimycin A, but remained completely sensitive to DSPD and KCN. Inhibition in far-red light was not increased by preincubating the chloroplasts with the various inhibitors for several minutes in white light. 3. The striking correspondence between the effects of photosystem II inhibitors, DCMU and o-phenanthroline, on cyclic photophosphorylation under white light and cyclic photophosphorylation under far-red light (in the absence of photosystem II inhibitors) suggests that electrons flowing from photosystem II may regulate the pathway of cyclic electron flow.