Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Kurt-Singer-Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians' Health, Hanns Eisler School of Music Berlin and University of the Arts Berlin, Charlottenstrasse 55, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2020 Feb;93(2):149-187. doi: 10.1007/s00420-019-01467-8. Epub 2019 Sep 3.
Musicians' practice and performance routines reportedly lead to musculoskeletal complaints and disorders (MCD) that impact their wellbeing and performance abilities. This systematic review aims to assess the prevalence, risk factors, prevention and effectiveness of treatments for MCD in professional musicians and consider the methodological quality of the included studies.
A systematic literature search was performed in December 2017 using electronic databases and supplemented by a hand search. Case-control studies, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, interventional studies and case reports investigating the prevalence, risk factors, prevention or treatment effects of MCD in professional musicians or music students (age ≥ 16 years) were included. Quality assessments of the included studies were performed using an adapted version of the "Study Quality Assessment Tools" from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
One case-control study, 6 cohort studies, 62 cross-sectional studies, 12 interventional studies and 28 case reports were included and assessed for methodological quality. The study designs, terminology, and outcomes were heterogeneous, as the analyses mostly did not control for major confounders, and the definition of exposure was often vague. Therefore, evidence that being a professional musician is a risk factor for MCD as well as the causal relationship between these factors remains low despite the fact that a large number of studies have been performed.
Studies with high internal and external validity regarding the prevalence, risk factors and effectiveness of the prevention or treatment of MCD in professional musicians are still missing. Further high-quality observational and interventional studies are required.
据报道，音乐家的练习和表演习惯会导致肌肉骨骼疾病（MCD），从而影响他们的健康和演奏能力。本系统评价旨在评估职业音乐家中 MCD 的患病率、危险因素、预防和治疗效果，并考虑纳入研究的方法学质量。
2017 年 12 月，我们使用电子数据库进行了系统文献检索，并辅以手工检索。纳入了调查职业音乐家或音乐学生（年龄≥16 岁）中 MCD 的患病率、危险因素、预防或治疗效果的病例对照研究、队列研究、横断面研究、干预性研究和病例报告。使用国家心肺血液研究所的“研究质量评估工具”的改编版本对纳入研究进行质量评估。
纳入了 1 项病例对照研究、6 项队列研究、62 项横断面研究、12 项干预性研究和 28 项病例报告，并对其进行了方法学质量评估。研究设计、术语和结果存在异质性，因为分析大多未控制主要混杂因素，且暴露的定义往往不明确。因此，尽管已经进行了大量研究，但职业音乐家是 MCD 的危险因素以及这些因素之间的因果关系的证据仍然很低。
仍然缺乏关于职业音乐家 MCD 的患病率、危险因素以及预防或治疗效果的具有高内部和外部有效性的研究。需要进一步进行高质量的观察性和干预性研究。
