Gilliland F D, Mahler R, Hunt W C, Davis S M
Department of Medicine, New Mexico Tumor Registry, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque 87131, USA.
Prev Med. 1999 Feb;28(2):194-202. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1998.0401.
Incidence of and mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and other chronic diseases are rapidly increasing among American Indians; however, the utilization of preventive services for these conditions is not well characterized in these ethnic groups.
We interviewed 1,273 American Indian adults in New Mexico, ages 18 years and older, by telephone regarding routine health checks, including blood pressure, blood cholesterol, mammograms, clinical breast exams, Pap smears, influenza and pneumonia vaccinations, and diabetes using items from the CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
We found that utilization of preventive service was surprisingly high among rural American Indians. Routine health checks and blood pressure checks within the past year were reported by more than 70% of the population. Blood cholesterol checks (41.1%) and pneumonia vaccinations (30.7%) were less commonly reported. Utilization of cancer screening for the most common women's cancers was also high. Most women reported ever having a Pap smear test (88.3%), a clinical breast examination (79.5%), and a mammogram (75.6%). The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes (8.8% overall and 26.4% for ages 50 years and older) greatly exceeds the nationwide prevalence.
The utilization of preventive services delivered by a unique governmental partnership is high among American Indians in New Mexico and, except for cholesterol screening, is comparable with rates for the U.S. population. Because cardiovascular disease is on the rise, more attention to preventive services in this arena is warranted. The high and increasing prevalence of diagnosed diabetes suggests that aggressive diabetes screening and interventions are needed.
在美国印第安人中，心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病及其他慢性病的发病率和死亡率正在迅速上升；然而，这些族裔群体对这些疾病预防服务的利用情况尚无充分描述。
我们通过电话采访了新墨西哥州1273名18岁及以上的美国印第安成年人，询问其常规健康检查情况，包括血压、血胆固醇、乳房X光检查、临床乳房检查、巴氏涂片检查、流感和肺炎疫苗接种以及糖尿病情况，采用美国疾病控制与预防中心行为危险因素监测系统的项目。
我们发现，美国印第安农村居民对预防服务的利用率出奇地高。超过70%的人口报告在过去一年进行了常规健康检查和血压检查。血胆固醇检查（41.1%）和肺炎疫苗接种（30.7%）的报告率较低。对最常见的女性癌症进行癌症筛查的利用率也很高。大多数女性报告曾进行过巴氏涂片检查（88.3%）、临床乳房检查（79.5%）和乳房X光检查（75.6%）。已确诊糖尿病的患病率（总体为8.8%，50岁及以上人群为26.4%）大大超过全国患病率。
在新墨西哥州的美国印第安人中，由独特的政府合作关系提供的预防服务利用率很高，除胆固醇筛查外，与美国人口的利用率相当。由于心血管疾病呈上升趋势，因此有必要更加关注这一领域的预防服务。已确诊糖尿病的高患病率及不断上升表明需要积极开展糖尿病筛查和干预。
