Lee D N
Perception. 1976;5(4):437-59. doi: 10.1068/p050437.
A theory is presented of how a driver might visually control his braking. A mathematical analysis of the changing optic array at the driver's eye indicates that the simplest type of visual information, which would be sufficient for controlling braking and would also be likely to be easily picked up by the driver, is information about time-to-collision, rather than information about distance, speed, or acceleration/deceleration. It is shown how the driver could, in principle, use visual information about time-to-collision in registering when he is on a collision course, in judging when to start braking, and in controlling his ongoing braking. Implications of the theory for safe speeds and safe following distances are discussed, taking into account visual angular velocity detection thresholds, and some suggestions are made as to how safety on the roads might be improved.
本文提出了一种关于驾驶员如何通过视觉控制刹车的理论。对驾驶员眼睛处不断变化的视觉阵列进行的数学分析表明，对于控制刹车而言足够且可能易于被驾驶员获取的最简单视觉信息类型是碰撞时间信息，而非距离、速度或加速/减速信息。文中展示了驾驶员原则上如何利用碰撞时间的视觉信息来判断自己是否处于碰撞路线上、判断何时开始刹车以及控制持续刹车。考虑到视觉角速度检测阈值，讨论了该理论对安全速度和安全跟车距离的影响，并就如何提高道路安全性提出了一些建议。
