Mattos A, Morais M B, Rodrigues D A, Baruzzi R G
Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1999 Feb;18(1):88-94. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1999.10718832.
To evaluate the nutritional status and dietary habits of children of the Alto Xingu, Central Brazil, according to age.
172 Indian children (<10 years of age) of Alto Xingu tribes.
Date of birth, sex, weight, height (NCHS reference) and questionnaire of dietary habits at the time of field work.
Of the 103 children less than 5 years of age, 34% presented protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), according to Gomez's criteria, of which only 2% with grade II malnutrition and no child presented severe PEM. In relation to the Z scores for the 172 children studied, it was observed that those younger than 1 year (n=25) presented weight for age (median, M=+0.43) and weight for height (M=+1.33) greater (p<0.05) than the children with ages between 12 and 60 months (n=78) (weight for age, M=-0.54; weight for height, M=+0.29) and between 60 and 120 months (n=69) (weight for age, M=-0.78; weight for height, M=+0.27). The height for age Z scores for the population studied showed a shift to the left in relation to the reference population in the three age groups (<12 months, M=-0.95; 12 to 60 months, M=-1.22 and 60 to 120 months, M=-1.40). The mothers nursed, without exception, to the age of 24 months, and the frequency of breastfeeding decreased progressively to age 42 months. The introduction of solid foods started at the age of 6 months and after the 10th month all the children ate "beiju" (flat bread), fruit and fish.
The nutritional status of Alto Xingu Indian children, in 1992, is adequate and similar to that previously observed between 1974 and 1980.
根据年龄评估巴西中部阿尔托欣古地区儿童的营养状况和饮食习惯。
172名阿尔托欣古部落的印度儿童（年龄小于10岁）。
记录出生日期、性别、体重、身高（参照美国国家卫生统计中心标准）以及实地调查时的饮食习惯问卷。
在103名5岁以下儿童中，根据戈麦斯标准，34%存在蛋白质 - 能量营养不良（PEM），其中只有2%为二级营养不良，没有儿童出现重度PEM。对于所研究的172名儿童的Z评分，观察到1岁以下儿童（n = 25）的年龄别体重（中位数，M = +0.43）和身高别体重（M = +1.33）高于12至60个月儿童（n = 78）（年龄别体重，M = -0.54；身高别体重，M = +0.29）以及60至120个月儿童（n = 69）（年龄别体重，M = -0.78；身高别体重，M = +0.27）（p < 0.05）。所研究人群的年龄别身高Z评分相对于参考人群在三个年龄组中均向左偏移（<12个月，M = -0.95；12至60个月，M = -1.22；60至120个月，M = -1.40）。母亲无一例外哺乳至24个月，母乳喂养频率在42个月前逐渐下降。固体食物从6个月开始添加，10个月后所有儿童都食用“贝居”（薄饼）、水果和鱼。
1992年阿尔托欣古印第安儿童的营养状况良好，与1974年至1980年期间先前观察到的情况相似。
