Hill A
Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Stirling, UK.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 1999 Feb;17(2):125-42. doi: 10.1016/s0885-3924(98)00136-5.
This study presents a review of the literature on the attributes and potential mechanisms involved in phantom limb pain, encompassing studies describing pain in the residual limb, phantom sensation and phantom limb pain, and the difficulties that may arise when making these distinctions. A variety of theories have been proposed to explain causal mechanisms for phantom limb pain. Conceptually, research into phantom limb pain is informed by the particular theory of chronic pain that is dominant at the time the research is undertaken. For example, early physiological theories on the etiology of phantom limb pain were grounded in specificity or pattern theories of pain. Later physiological research was based on the framework provided by Gate Control Theory and focused on identifying peripheral, spinal, and central neural mechanisms. Psychological explanations were grounded in psychoanalytic or personality theories of chronic pain which propose that phantom limb pain results from pre-amputation psychological disturbance. Despite numerous studies examining phantom limb pain, much of this research has both conceptual and methodological shortcomings. As such, the application of these research findings to clinical practice has limited utility.
本研究对有关幻肢痛的特征及潜在机制的文献进行了综述，涵盖了描述残肢疼痛、幻肢感觉和幻肢痛的研究，以及在进行这些区分时可能出现的困难。人们提出了各种理论来解释幻肢痛的因果机制。从概念上讲，对幻肢痛的研究受到开展研究时占主导地位的慢性疼痛特定理论的影响。例如，早期关于幻肢痛病因的生理学理论基于疼痛的特异性或模式理论。后来的生理学研究基于闸门控制理论提供的框架，侧重于识别外周、脊髓和中枢神经机制。心理学解释基于慢性疼痛的精神分析或人格理论，这些理论认为幻肢痛源于截肢前的心理障碍。尽管有大量研究探讨幻肢痛，但其中许多研究在概念和方法上都存在缺陷。因此，将这些研究结果应用于临床实践的效用有限。
