Walsh N P, Blannin A K, Clark A M, Cook L, Robson P J, Gleeson M
Department of Sport, Health and Leisure, Trinity and All Saints University College, Leeds, UK.
J Sports Sci. 1999 Feb;17(2):129-34. doi: 10.1080/026404199366226.
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an acute bout of high-intensity intermittent exercise on saliva IgA concentration and alpha-amylase activity, since this type of training is commonly incorporated into the training programmes of endurance athletes and games players. Eight well-trained male games players took part in the study. They reported to the laboratory after an overnight fast and performed a 60-min cycle exercise task consisting of twenty 1-min periods at 100% VO2max, each separated by 2 min recovery at 30% VO2max. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected over a 5-min period into pre-weighed tubes and analysed for total protein, saliva IgA and alpha-amylase. The saliva flow rate ranged from 0.08 to 1.40 ml x min(-1) at rest and was not significantly affected by the exercise. The performance of the intermittent exercise bout did not affect the saliva IgA concentration, but caused a five-fold increase in alpha-amylase activity (P<0.01 compared with pre-exercise) and a three-fold increase in total protein concentration (P<0.01). These returned to pre-exercise values within 2.5 h post-exercise. It has been suggested that IgA concentration should be expressed as the ratio to total protein concentration, to correct for any concentrating effect due to evaporative loss of saliva water when breathing through the mouth (as in strenuous exercise). The present study clearly demonstrates that this is not appropriate, since there is an increase in salivary protein secretion rate immediately after exercise (571+/-77 microg x min(-1) compared with 218+/-71 microg x min(-1) pre-exercise; P<0.05). The increased saliva alpha-amylase activity after exercise may improve the protective effect of saliva, since this enzyme is known to inhibit bacterial attachment to oral surfaces. The saliva alpha-amylase secretion rate was lower immediately pre-exercise than at any other instant, which may have been due to anticipatory psychological stress, although the subjects were all familiar with interval exercise. This emphasizes the need for true resting non-stressed control conditions in future studies of the effects of exercise on saliva constituents.
本研究的目的是评估一次急性高强度间歇运动对唾液免疫球蛋白A（IgA）浓度和α-淀粉酶活性的影响，因为这种类型的训练通常被纳入耐力运动员和球类运动员的训练计划中。八名训练有素的男性球类运动员参与了该研究。他们在禁食过夜后到实验室报到，并进行了一项60分钟的自行车运动任务，包括在100%最大摄氧量（VO2max）下进行二十个1分钟的时段，每个时段之间在30%VO2max下恢复2分钟。在5分钟内将未刺激的全唾液收集到预先称重的试管中，并分析总蛋白、唾液IgA和α-淀粉酶。静息时唾液流速范围为0.08至1.40毫升×分钟-1，运动对其无显著影响。间歇性运动回合的表现并未影响唾液IgA浓度，但导致α-淀粉酶活性增加了五倍（与运动前相比，P<0.01），总蛋白浓度增加了三倍（P<0.01）。这些指标在运动后2.5小时内恢复到运动前水平。有人建议，IgA浓度应以与总蛋白浓度的比值来表示，以校正因通过口腔呼吸（如在剧烈运动中）导致唾液水分蒸发损失而产生的任何浓缩效应。本研究清楚地表明这是不合适的，因为运动后唾液蛋白分泌率立即增加（运动后为571±77微克×分钟-1，运动前为218±71微克×分钟-1；P<0.05）。运动后唾液α-淀粉酶活性增加可能会改善唾液的保护作用，因为已知这种酶可抑制细菌附着于口腔表面。运动前即刻唾液α-淀粉酶分泌率低于其他任何时刻，这可能是由于预期的心理压力，尽管所有受试者都熟悉间歇运动。这强调了在未来运动对唾液成分影响的研究中需要真正的静息无应激对照条件。
