Marshall J A, Lopez T K, Shetterly S M, Morgenstern N E, Baer K, Swenson C, Baron A, Baxter J, Hamman R F
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1999 Mar;99(3):315-22. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00081-4.
To describe the prevalence of nutritional risk factors among elderly residents in a rural Hispanic and non-Hispanic white population.
A geographically based survey of community-dwelling elderly adults.
SUBJECTS/SETTING: From July 1993 to July 1995, all Hispanic persons older than 65 years and an age-stratified, random sample of 69% of non-Hispanic white persons, from 2 Colorado counties, were invited to participate in a study of functional impairment and disability (81% responded). After exclusion of 184 respondents who required a surrogate respondent and 8 with missing diet data, the study consisted of 1,006 subjects. Interviews included questions similar to the Nutrition screening Initiative checklist, a 21-item food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric measures.
Gender- and ethnicity-specific, age-adjusted prevalence for each risk factor was estimated by use of logistic regression.
Hispanic participants were more likely than non-Hispanic whites to report inadequate intake of vegetables, problems with teeth or dentures that limited the kinds and amounts of food eaten, difficulty preparing meals, and lack of money needed to buy food. Hispanic women reported nutritional risk factors more often than Hispanic men, although anthropometric markers indicated that Hispanic men may be at higher risk of nutritional deficiency.
APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic men and women had a higher prevalence of nutritional risk factors than non-Hispanic whites. Intervention programs targeting rural, elderly Hispanics should aim to ensure that basic nutrition needs (access to food, help preparing meals, and adequate dental care) are being met. Community programs to increase activity levels and consumption of nutrient-dense foods are recommended.
描述西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人农村老年居民中营养风险因素的流行情况。
一项基于地理位置的社区居住老年人调查。
研究对象/研究地点：1993年7月至1995年7月，邀请了科罗拉多州2个县所有65岁以上的西班牙裔人以及按年龄分层随机抽取的69%的非西班牙裔白人参与一项功能障碍和残疾研究（81%的人做出回应）。在排除184名需要代理受访者的受访者和8名饮食数据缺失者后，该研究包括1006名受试者。访谈包括与营养筛查倡议清单类似的问题、一份包含21个条目的食物频率问卷以及人体测量指标。
使用逻辑回归估计每个风险因素按性别和种族划分的年龄调整患病率。
西班牙裔参与者比非西班牙裔白人更有可能报告蔬菜摄入量不足、牙齿或假牙问题限制了所吃食物的种类和数量、做饭困难以及缺乏购买食物所需的资金。西班牙裔女性比西班牙裔男性更常报告营养风险因素，尽管人体测量指标表明西班牙裔男性可能存在更高的营养缺乏风险。
应用/结论：西班牙裔男性和女性的营养风险因素患病率高于非西班牙裔白人。针对农村西班牙裔老年人的干预项目应旨在确保满足基本营养需求（获得食物、做饭帮助和充足的牙齿护理）。建议开展社区项目以提高活动水平和增加营养丰富食物的消费。
