Vaira D, Holton J, Menegatti M, Gatta L, Ricci C, Alì A, Landi F, Moretti C, Miglioli M
First Medical Clinic, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998 Oct;30 Suppl 3:S279-85.
Helicobacter pylori is an important gastroduodenal pathogen, which has been recognized as a Class I carcinogen factor for gastric cancer and gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. In spite of the world-wide spread of the infection, the route of transmission is still not known. We reviewed data from several sero-epidemiological studies and aimed to identify potential sources of Helicobacter pylori infection. Available evidence strongly suggests an inverse correlation between socio-economic status and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori. The infection is acquired mostly during childhood in the third world, but is rare in children in developed countries, where the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori increases with age. Following the detection of the bacterium in saliva, faeces, and gastric juice, oral-oral or faecal-oral transmission and iatrogenic spread, through the use of unsterile endoscopes, have been proposed as possible routes of infection. Helicobacter pylori has also been found in some domestic cats, but at present, the risk of infection from these animals appears slight. The mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori, as is yet, not known. Available information support the hypothesis of spread through close personal contact, considering humans as the only significant reservoir of infection.
幽门螺杆菌是一种重要的胃十二指肠病原体，已被确认为胃癌和胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的I类致癌因素。尽管该感染在全球范围内传播，但其传播途径仍不清楚。我们回顾了几项血清流行病学研究的数据，旨在确定幽门螺杆菌感染的潜在来源。现有证据强烈表明社会经济地位与幽门螺杆菌患病率之间呈负相关。在第三世界，感染大多在儿童时期获得，但在发达国家儿童中很少见，在发达国家，幽门螺杆菌患病率随年龄增长而增加。在唾液、粪便和胃液中检测到该细菌后，有人提出通过使用未消毒的内窥镜进行口口或粪口传播以及医源性传播可能是感染途径。在一些家猫中也发现了幽门螺杆菌，但目前，这些动物感染的风险似乎很小。幽门螺杆菌的传播方式目前尚不清楚。现有信息支持通过密切个人接触传播的假设，将人类视为唯一重要的感染源。
