Macfie J, Toth S L, Rogosch F A, Robinson J, Emde R N, Cicchetti D
Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, New York 14608, USA.
Dev Psychol. 1999 Mar;35(2):460-5. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.35.2.460.
A total of 80 low-socioeconomic status maltreated preschoolers were contrasted with 27 nonmaltreated preschoolers on their narrative representations. The children completed story stems, taken from the MacArthur Story-Stem Battery (MSSB; I. Bretherton, D. Oppenheim, H. Buchsbaum, R. N. Emde, & the MacArthur Narrative Group, 1990), that introduced stressful family situations. Using the MacArthur narrative coding manual (J. Robinson, L. Mantz-Simmons, J. Macfie, & the MacArthur Narrative Group, 1992), coders rated portrayals of parental and child character responses, as well as participant responses, to relieve children's distress. They also rated role reversal (children caretaking their parents) from the narrative emotion coding manual (S. L. Warren, L. Mantz-Simmons, & R. N. Emde, 1993). Maltreated preschoolers portrayed parents and children as responding less often--yet themselves as stepping into the story more often to relieve children's distress--than did nonmaltreated preschoolers. Abused children (sexually, physically, or both) portrayed the most participant responses, and neglected children (with no abuse) portrayed the fewest child responses. Role reversal was associated with physical abuse.
研究人员将80名社会经济地位较低的受虐待学龄前儿童与27名未受虐待的学龄前儿童在叙事表现方面进行了对比。这些孩子完成了取自《麦克阿瑟故事线索库》（MSSB；I. 布雷瑟顿、D. 奥本海姆、H. 布克斯鲍姆、R. N. 恩德及麦克阿瑟叙事小组，1990年）的故事线索，这些线索引入了紧张的家庭情境。编码人员使用《麦克阿瑟叙事编码手册》（J. 罗宾逊、L. 曼茨 - 西蒙斯、J. 麦克菲及麦克阿瑟叙事小组，1992年），对父母和孩子角色反应的描绘以及参与者为缓解孩子痛苦的反应进行评分。他们还根据《叙事情感编码手册》（S. L. 沃伦、L. 曼茨 - 西蒙斯、R. N. 恩德，1993年）对角色反转（孩子照顾父母）进行评分。与未受虐待的学龄前儿童相比，受虐待的学龄前儿童描绘的父母和孩子的反应较少，但他们自己更多地介入故事以缓解孩子的痛苦。受虐待儿童（性虐待、身体虐待或两者皆有）描绘的参与者反应最多，而被忽视儿童（无虐待情况）描绘的孩子反应最少。角色反转与身体虐待有关。
