al-Haddad M K, Baig B Z, Ebrahim R A
Psychiatric Hospital, Bahrain, Arabian Gulf.
J Commun Dis. 1997 Dec;29(4):321-8.
Between 1986 and 1996, 378 HIV cases were identified in Bahrain, of whom 51% were foreign nationals. Intravenous drug abuse was a major risk factor (38.8%) among Bahraini nationals, while transmission through sexual contact was more common (45.7%) among foreigners. Other well known risk factors were also represented in the two communities. The male to female ratio for the two communities were very different with 10:1 for nationals compared to 1:1.4 for foreigners. Among the AIDS defining manifestations, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the commonest (50%), followed by tuberculosis (21%), oro-esophageal candidiasis, cryptosporidiosis and toxoplasmosis. Transmission through sex and maternal-foetus route could emerge as significant contributors in the spread of AIDS in Bahrain unless appropriate preventive steps are taken.
1986年至1996年间，巴林确诊了378例艾滋病病毒感染病例，其中51%为外籍人士。静脉注射吸毒是巴林本国居民感染艾滋病的主要风险因素（38.8%），而性接触传播在外国人群体中更为常见（45.7%）。其他众所周知的风险因素在这两个群体中也有体现。两个群体的男女比例差异很大，本国居民的男女比例为10:1，而外国人为1:1.4。在艾滋病的典型临床表现中，卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎最为常见（50%），其次是结核病（21%）、口腔食管念珠菌病、隐孢子虫病和弓形虫病。除非采取适当的预防措施，否则性传播和母婴传播可能成为巴林艾滋病传播的重要因素。
