Walter S D
Biometrics. 1976 Dec;32(4):829-49.
Various measures of attributable risk are discussed together with a rationale for their use as an alternative to relative risk in health research. Methods of estimation are presented for use with three important kinds of epidemiological study design with one dichotomous risk factor for a dichotomous disease outcome; the study designs are then compared with respect to efficiency. Procedures to analyse confounded, polytomous and interacting risk factors are proposed and it shown that there is a simple relationship between two distinct estimators previously suggested for use with deleterious and beneficial (or preventive) factors. Finally the relevance of attributable risk to an assessment of the potential effects of risk factor modification is discussed in the preventive medicine framework.
本文讨论了各种归因风险测量方法，并阐述了在健康研究中使用这些方法替代相对风险的基本原理。介绍了三种重要的流行病学研究设计的估计方法，这些设计针对二分疾病结局有一个二分风险因素；然后比较了这些研究设计的效率。提出了分析混杂、多分类和相互作用风险因素的程序，并表明先前建议用于有害和有益（或预防）因素的两种不同估计量之间存在简单关系。最后，在预防医学框架内讨论了归因风险与评估风险因素改变潜在影响的相关性。
