CNR-IBIM, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
Nephron Clin Pract. 2010;115(2):c91-3. doi: 10.1159/000312870. Epub 2010 Apr 21.
The study of the relationship between risk factors and outcomes is important both in etiological and prognostic research. To assess the strength of a given risk factor-outcome relationship we use measures that are calculated in relative and absolute terms. Risk ratio, incidence rate ratio and odds ratio are relative measures of this relationship. Risk difference (or attributable risk) and rate difference (or attributable rate) are absolute measures of the same relationship. Risk difference and rate difference are calculated by subtracting the risk and the incidence rate in exposed individuals from that in unexposed individuals, respectively. The choice of these measures depends on the study aim. Relative measures are commonly used in etiological studies while absolute measures are mainly used in public health research.
危险因素与结局之间关系的研究在病因学和预后研究中都很重要。为了评估特定危险因素-结局关系的强度，我们使用相对和绝对术语计算的指标。风险比、发病率比和优势比是这种关系的相对指标。风险差（或归因风险）和率差（或归因率）是同一关系的绝对指标。风险差和率差分别通过从暴露个体和未暴露个体中减去暴露个体的风险和发病率来计算。这些措施的选择取决于研究目的。相对指标通常用于病因学研究，而绝对指标主要用于公共卫生研究。
