McDonnell W F, Abbey D E, Nishino N, Lebowitz M D
National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Environ Res. 1999 Feb;80(2 Pt 1):110-21. doi: 10.1006/enrs.1998.3894.
We conducted a prospective study of a cohort of 3091 nonsmokers, ages 27 to 87 years, to evaluate the association between long-term ambient ozone exposure and development of adult-onset asthma. Over a 15-year period, 3.2% of males and 4.3% of females reported new doctor diagnoses of asthma. For males, we observed a significant relationship between report of doctor diagnosis of asthma and 20-year mean 8-h average ambient ozone concentration (relative risk (RR)=2.09 for a 27 ppb increase in ozone concentration, 95% CI=1.03 to 4.16). We observed no such relationship for females. Other variables significantly related to development of asthma were a history of ever-smoking for males (RR=2.37, 95% CI=1.13 to 4.81), and for females, number of years worked with a smoker (RR=1.21 for a 7-year increment, 95% CI=1.04 to 1.39), age (RR=0.61 for a 16-year increment, 95% CI=0.44 to 0.84), and a history of childhood pneumonia or bronchitis (RR=2.96, 95% CI=1.68 to 5.03). Addition of other pollutants (PM10, SO4, NO2, and SO2) to the models did not diminish the relationship between ozone and asthma for males. These data suggest that long-term exposure to ambient ozone is associated with development of asthma in adult males.
我们对3091名年龄在27至87岁之间的非吸烟者进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，以评估长期环境臭氧暴露与成人期哮喘发病之间的关联。在15年的时间里，3.2%的男性和4.3%的女性报告有新的医生诊断哮喘。对于男性，我们观察到医生诊断哮喘的报告与20年平均8小时平均环境臭氧浓度之间存在显著关系（臭氧浓度每增加27 ppb，相对风险（RR）=2.09，95%置信区间=1.03至4.16）。对于女性，我们未观察到这种关系。与哮喘发病显著相关的其他变量包括男性曾经吸烟的病史（RR=2.37，95%置信区间=1.13至4.81），对于女性，与吸烟者共事的年数（每增加7年，RR=1.21，95%置信区间=1.04至1.39）、年龄（每增加16岁，RR=0.61，95%置信区间=0.44至0.84）以及儿童期肺炎或支气管炎病史（RR=2.96，95%置信区间=1.68至5.03）。在模型中加入其他污染物（PM10、SO4、NO2和SO2）并没有减弱男性中臭氧与哮喘之间的关系。这些数据表明，长期暴露于环境臭氧与成年男性哮喘的发病有关。
