Camacho D L, Nightingale R W, Myers B S
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008-0281, USA.
J Biomech. 1999 Mar;32(3):293-301. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9290(98)00178-x.
A computational head-neck model was developed to test the hypothesis that increases in friction between the head and impact surface will increase head and neck injury risk during near-axial impact. The model consisted of rigid vertebrae interconnected by assemblies of nonlinear springs and dashpots, and a finite element shell model of the skull. For frictionless impact surfaces, the model reproduced the kinematics and kinetics observed in near-axial impacts to cadaveric head-neck specimens. Increases in the coefficient of friction between the head and impact surface over a range from 0.0 to 1.0 resulted in increases of up to 40, 113, 9.8, and 43% in peak post-buckled resultant neck forces, peak moment at the occiput-C1 joint, peak resultant head accelerations, and HIC values, respectively. The most dramatic increases in injury-predicting quantities occurred for COF increases from 0.0 to 0.2, while further COF increases above 0.5 generally produced only nominal changes. These data suggest that safety equipment and impact environments which minimize the friction between the head and impact surface may reduce the risk of head and neck injury in near-vertex head impact.
开发了一种计算头颈部模型，以检验以下假设：在近轴向撞击过程中，头部与撞击表面之间摩擦力的增加会增加头颈部受伤风险。该模型由通过非线性弹簧和阻尼器组件相互连接的刚性椎骨以及颅骨的有限元壳模型组成。对于无摩擦的撞击表面，该模型再现了在对尸体头颈部标本进行近轴向撞击时观察到的运动学和动力学。头部与撞击表面之间的摩擦系数在0.0至1.0范围内增加时，屈曲后颈部合力峰值、枕骨 - C1关节处的峰值力矩、头部合力峰值加速度和头部损伤标准（HIC）值分别增加了高达40%、113%、9.8%和43%。当摩擦系数从0.0增加到0.2时，损伤预测量的增加最为显著，而摩擦系数进一步增加到0.5以上时，通常只会产生微小变化。这些数据表明，使头部与撞击表面之间摩擦力最小化的安全设备和撞击环境可能会降低近顶点头部撞击时头颈部受伤的风险。
