Camacho D L, Nightingale R W, Myers B S
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA.
J Biomech Eng. 2001 Oct;123(5):432-9. doi: 10.1115/1.1389086.
A validated computational head-neck model was used to understand the mechanical relationships between surface padding characteristics and injury risk during impacts near the head vertex. The study demonstrated that injury risk can be decreased by maximizing the energy-dissipating ability of the pad, choosing a pad stiffness that maximizes pad deformation without bottoming out, maximizing pad thickness, and minimizing surface friction. That increasing pad thickness protected the head without increasing neck loads suggests that the increased cervical spine injury incidence previously observed in cadaveric impacts to padded surfaces relative to lubricated rigid surfaces was due to increased surface friction rather than pocketing of the head in the pad.
一个经过验证的头颈部计算模型被用于理解在头顶附近撞击过程中表面衬垫特性与损伤风险之间的力学关系。该研究表明，通过最大化衬垫的能量耗散能力、选择能使衬垫变形最大且不会触底的衬垫刚度、最大化衬垫厚度以及最小化表面摩擦力，可以降低损伤风险。增加衬垫厚度能保护头部而不增加颈部负荷，这表明先前在尸体撞击有衬垫表面相对于润滑刚性表面时观察到的颈椎损伤发生率增加，是由于表面摩擦力增加而非头部陷入衬垫所致。
