Buka S L, Birdthistle I J
Department of Maternal and Child Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1999 Jan;60(1):27-36. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1999.60.27.
The Rhode Island Community Alcohol Abuse and Injury Prevention Project (CAAIPP), implemented from 1984 through 1989, employed the "community gatekeeper" approach to reduce alcohol-related injuries and deaths. Targeting alcohol servers rather than drinkers, community-wide interventions were designed and implemented to encourage responsible serving behaviors through the adoption of techniques of responsible service. The primary goal of the CAAIPP server intervention evaluation was to assess both short-term and long-term changes in behavior of alcohol beverage servers who were recipients of CAAIPP training.
A 5-hour training curriculum on "Responsible Alcohol Service" was offered to all alcohol servers in a randomly selected study community. A prospective study design was used to evaluate long-term changes in the self-reported behavior of 321 trainees using three time-points over 5 years. A cross-sectional survey was conducted 4 years posttraining to compare rates of self-reported server behaviors in the intervention community (n = 106) with two comparison communities (nA = 56, nB = 49).
Fifteen months after training, trainees reported significantly higher levels of desired serving behavior than nontrained servers. Though positive effects of server training diminished with time, responsible serving behavior 4 years posttraining remained higher than pretraining levels. The impact appeared greatest for servers with fewer years serving experience, wait-persons, younger servers and servers who worked in establishments without written policies regarding serving practices.
The results with regard to modifying server behavior are positive and indicate that server interventions shown to be efficacious should be implemented. Training programs that target specific serving skills in repeat sessions may be most promising for improving server behavior, particularly among both young and new servers working in establishments without written policies regarding serving practices.
罗德岛社区酒精滥用与伤害预防项目（CAAIPP）于1984年至1989年实施，采用“社区守门人”方法来减少与酒精相关的伤害和死亡。该项目针对的是酒精饮料服务人员而非饮酒者，设计并实施了全社区范围的干预措施，通过采用负责任服务技巧来鼓励负责任的服务行为。CAAIPP服务人员干预评估的主要目标是评估接受CAAIPP培训的酒精饮料服务人员行为的短期和长期变化。
在一个随机选择的研究社区，为所有酒精饮料服务人员提供了一个为期5小时的“负责任酒精服务”培训课程。采用前瞻性研究设计，通过在5年中的三个时间点评估321名受训人员自我报告行为的长期变化。在培训4年后进行了横断面调查，以比较干预社区（n = 106）与两个对照社区（nA = 56，nB = 49）中自我报告的服务人员行为发生率。
培训15个月后，受训人员报告的期望服务行为水平显著高于未受训的服务人员。尽管服务人员培训的积极效果随时间减弱，但培训4年后负责任的服务行为仍高于培训前水平。对于服务年限较少的服务人员、服务员、年轻服务人员以及在没有关于服务实践书面政策的场所工作的服务人员，影响似乎最大。
关于改变服务人员行为的结果是积极的，表明应实施已证明有效的服务人员干预措施。针对特定服务技能进行重复培训的项目可能最有希望改善服务人员行为，特别是在没有关于服务实践书面政策的场所工作的年轻和新服务人员中。
