Halpern H, Keith R L, Darley F L
Cortex. 1976 Dec;12(4):365-72. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(76)80040-8.
Thirty adult aphasic subjects without apraxia of speech or dysarthria were tested for their ability to produce phonemes in single test words and in spontaneous contextual speech. Results indicated that 75% of the total phonemic errors were due to a whole-word phenomenon apparently associated with faulty processing of the word rather than faulty production of the phoneme. True phonemic errors comprised 25% of the total errors or about 2% of all responses. Phoneme substitutions were by far the most frequent error (61%). Of the 30 subjects, 28 made no phonemic errors in spontaneous contextual speech. Aphasic behavior is not characterized by significant breakdown of articulatory performance. Observed patterns of error do not clearly support a phonemic regression hypothesis.
对30名无言语失用或构音障碍的成年失语症患者进行测试，以评估他们在单个测试单词和自发情境言语中发出音素的能力。结果表明，所有音素错误中有75%是由一种明显与单词处理错误而非音素发音错误相关的整词现象导致的。真正的音素错误占总错误的25%，或约占所有反应的2%。音素替换是迄今为止最常见的错误（61%）。在这30名受试者中，28名在自发情境言语中没有出现音素错误。失语症行为的特征并非明显的发音表现障碍。观察到的错误模式并不明确支持音素倒退假说。
