Field L K, Steinhardt M A
Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin 78712.
Am J Health Promot. 1992 Sep-Oct;7(1):21-7. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-7.1.21.
This study investigated two opposing orientations toward exercise and wellness behavior as related to selected personal characteristics. A "self-trusting" orientation focuses on process measures, and exercise and wellness behavior is internally directed. A "self-controlling" orientation focuses on outcome measures, and exercise and wellness behavior is externally directed.
Relationships among variables were assessed using Pearson correlation and step-wise multiple regression.
One questionnaire was administered to all subjects under quiet classroom conditions.
Subjects were enrolled in university physical education activity classes (N = 154), a health promotion and fitness undergraduate class (N = 52), and a commercial aerobic dance program (N = 68).
The questionnaire, containing 157 items, assessed exercise orientation, wellness orientation, general self-esteem, physical self-esteem, self-reinforcement, expectancy values for exercise, and level of physical activity.
Individuals who reported exercising to improve physical appearance and/or physical performance had higher control scores on the exercise scale; exercising for pleasure or social reasons served as suppressor variables. High control scores on wellness and exercise orientation were indicative of individuals less likely to positively self-reinforce their behavior. A high control score on the wellness scale was significantly related to lower general and physical self-esteem scores. Finally, higher physical self-esteem was significantly related to exercising for pleasure and athletic reasons; exercising to improve physical appearance served as a suppressor variable.
These data strengthen the recommendation that health promotion professionals consider alternative approaches to promoting exercise and enhancing wellness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
本研究调查了与特定个人特征相关的两种相反的运动与健康行为取向。“自我信任”取向关注过程指标，运动与健康行为是内在导向的。“自我控制”取向关注结果指标，运动与健康行为是外在导向的。
使用皮尔逊相关性和逐步多元回归评估变量之间的关系。
在安静的教室条件下，向所有受试者发放一份问卷。
受试者来自大学体育活动课程（N = 154）、健康促进与健身本科课程（N = 52）以及商业有氧舞蹈项目（N = 68）。
问卷包含157个项目，评估运动取向、健康取向、一般自尊、身体自尊、自我强化、运动的期望价值以及身体活动水平。
报告为改善外貌和/或身体表现而运动的个体在运动量表上的控制得分较高；为了乐趣或社交原因而运动起到抑制变量的作用。在健康和运动取向上的高控制得分表明个体不太可能积极地自我强化其行为。健康量表上的高控制得分与较低的一般自尊和身体自尊得分显著相关。最后，较高的身体自尊与为了乐趣和运动原因而运动显著相关；为改善外貌而运动起到抑制变量的作用。
这些数据强化了以下建议，即健康促进专业人员应考虑采用替代方法来促进运动和增强健康。（摘要截选至250字）
