Fedson D S
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA.
Pharmacoeconomics. 1996;9 Suppl 3:54-61. doi: 10.2165/00019053-199600093-00013.
Recent studies in the US and Canada have shown that influenza vaccination prevents approximately 30 to 50% of all pneumonia and influenza hospitalisations and deaths that occur among elderly persons during 3-month influenza outbreak periods. These population-based studies have used retrospective methods and large computerised administrative databases. In addition, earlier cost-effectiveness studies have been supplemented by recent research from prepaid health plans showing that influenza vaccination can be cost saving. The use of influenza vaccine increased in the US and Canada throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, despite different methods for providing reimbursement for vaccination. The North American experience regarding the clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness and epidemiology of influenza vaccination may provide European scientists and health officials with useful although sometimes limited insight into their own efforts to understand and improve influenza vaccination.
美国和加拿大最近的研究表明，在为期3个月的流感暴发期，流感疫苗接种可预防约30%至50%的老年人因肺炎和流感而住院及死亡的情况。这些基于人群的研究采用了回顾性方法和大型计算机化管理数据库。此外，早期的成本效益研究得到了预付费健康计划近期研究的补充，这些研究表明流感疫苗接种可以节省成本。尽管在疫苗接种报销方式上有所不同，但在整个20世纪80年代和90年代初，美国和加拿大流感疫苗的使用量都有所增加。北美在流感疫苗接种的临床效果、成本效益和流行病学方面的经验，可能会为欧洲科学家和卫生官员在理解和改进流感疫苗接种方面提供有用的见解，尽管有时这种见解有限。
