Blake S M, Caspersen C J, Finnegan J, Crow R A, Mittlemark M B, Ringhofer K R
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 1996 Sep-Oct;11(1):23-34. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-11.1.23.
To assess organizational and employee participation during three community-wide worksite exercise competitions in two communities.
A one-group, posttest-only design was used. Lack of controls, exercise baseline, and the short-term nature of the interventions were limitations.
The Minnesota Heart Health Program conducted annual exercise campaigns between 1982 and 1989 within three intervention communities to reduce behavioral risk for cardiovascular disease. The Shape Up Challenge was a worksite exercise competition designed, in conjunction with other campaign activities, to increase levels of physical activity.
A total of 119 participating companies in two Minnesota communities, and 17,626 employees within these worksites, composed the subjects in this study.
Eligible worksites were invited to participate in a month-long competition during which employees recorded minutes spent daily in aerobic activities. Incentives were established to promote intragroup cooperation and intergroup competition. Companies competed for awards that were based on average minutes of exercise per employee versus per participant.
Numbers of companies recruited and participating, campaign activities, minutes of exercise, and costs were recorded on implementation logs. Companies completed surveys describing business type, number and sex of employees, existing health promotion programs, and perceived benefits of participation.
Of the 365 companies invited to participate, 33% participated (range 15% to 50%). Participating companies were more likely than nonparticipating companies to offer other health promotion programs and perceived greater benefits from participation. Women and smaller companies had significantly greater participation rates than men and larger companies. Average employee participation rates ranged from as high as 84% in smaller organizations to as low as 16% as organization size increased.
Community-based worksite exercise competitions appear to be a viable strategy for promoting employee exercise, particularly in smaller companies. Group-based contingencies applied in natural work units may facilitate employee participation. Further research is needed to assess the relative efficacy of this approach, compare alternative incentives, and identify strategies to enhance exercise maintenance after the intervention has ceased.
评估两个社区中三次全社区范围的工作场所锻炼竞赛期间的组织和员工参与情况。
采用单组、仅后测设计。缺乏对照、锻炼基线以及干预措施的短期性质是其局限性。
明尼苏达心脏健康项目在1982年至1989年期间于三个干预社区开展年度锻炼活动，以降低心血管疾病的行为风险。塑形挑战是一项与其他活动相结合设计的工作场所锻炼竞赛，旨在提高身体活动水平。
明尼苏达两个社区的119家参与公司以及这些工作场所的17626名员工构成了本研究的对象。
符合条件的工作场所被邀请参加为期一个月的竞赛，在此期间员工记录每天进行有氧运动的分钟数。设立激励措施以促进组内合作和组间竞争。公司根据每位员工与每位参与者的平均锻炼分钟数来竞争奖项。
在实施日志上记录招募和参与的公司数量、活动、锻炼分钟数以及成本。公司完成调查问卷，描述业务类型、员工数量和性别、现有的健康促进项目以及参与的感知益处。
在被邀请参与的365家公司中，33%参与了（范围为15%至50%）。参与的公司比未参与的公司更有可能提供其他健康促进项目，并且从参与中感知到更大的益处。女性和规模较小的公司的参与率显著高于男性和规模较大的公司。员工平均参与率范围从较小组织中的高达84%到随着组织规模增大低至16%。
基于社区的工作场所锻炼竞赛似乎是促进员工锻炼的可行策略，尤其是在较小的公司中。应用于自然工作单位的基于群体的意外情况可能有助于员工参与。需要进一步研究来评估这种方法的相对效果，比较替代激励措施，并确定在干预停止后增强锻炼维持的策略。
