Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2019 Mar 6;19(1):268. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6578-7.
Attracted by the expected benefits such as reduced absenteeism and increased productivity, more and more firms decide to implement workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs). However, those programs can only be effective if employees actually participate. This study aims to (1) gain insight into the degree of enrolment rates in such programs across companies and (2) identify organizational level factors that are associated with employee participation. Building on existing theory on organizational drivers of participation in corporate wellness programs, the study's main goal is to investigate which organizational factors determine whether employees enroll in a corporate fitness program or not.
A business-to-business fitness platform company provided organizational level data on 61 client firms that have recently implemented a corporate wellness program. The data contained information on the enrolment rate per company and different organizational level variables. The following potential determinants of participation were analyzed: firm size, organizational program support and employee co-payment. A random effects model was used to examine associations between potential determinants and the program enrolment rate.
The average participation is limited (15.37%) but varies highly across companies (range 0.07-100.00%, monthly basis). Looking at the determinants of program enrolment, we find that organizational program support - the degree to which firm leadership encourages participation - positively influences the enrolment rate (β = 0.051 p < 0.001) while employee co-payment - the financial contribution employees have to make to participate - has a negative impact (β = - 0.002, p < 0.001). Furthermore, firm size has a negative relationship with firm enrolment.
Enrolment rates in WHPPs are limited, as many companies have difficulties to promote participation in WHPPs among employees. Strong organizational program support and low employee co-payment were identified as drivers of employee participation in corporate health programs. Hence, intensifying both social and financial support of employee participation may help to drive enrolment rates. Firm size was found to negatively affect the enrolment rate in WHPPs, implying that larger firms have to account for their size and corresponding complexity when implementing such a program.
越来越多的企业被预期的收益所吸引，如减少旷工和提高生产力，因此决定实施工作场所健康促进计划（WHPP）。然而，如果员工实际上不参与，这些计划只能是有效的。本研究旨在（1）了解企业实施此类计划的参与率程度，以及（2）确定与员工参与相关的组织层面因素。本研究基于现有关于企业健康计划参与的组织驱动力理论，主要目的是调查哪些组织因素决定了员工是否参加企业健身计划。
一家面向企业的健身平台公司提供了最近实施了企业健康计划的 61 家客户公司的组织层面数据。这些数据包含了每家公司的参与率以及不同组织层面变量的信息。分析了以下可能影响参与的决定因素：公司规模、组织计划支持和员工共同缴费。使用随机效应模型来检验潜在决定因素与计划参与率之间的关系。
参与度平均（15.37%）较低，但在公司之间差异很大（范围为 0.07-100.00%，以月为基础）。在研究计划参与的决定因素时，我们发现组织计划支持（即公司领导层鼓励参与的程度）正向影响参与率（β=0.051，p<0.001），而员工共同缴费（员工参与时需缴纳的费用）则产生负面影响（β=-0.002，p<0.001）。此外，公司规模与公司参与率呈负相关。
WHPP 的参与率有限，因为许多公司难以在员工中推广 WHPP 的参与。强烈的组织计划支持和低员工共同缴费被确定为员工参与企业健康计划的驱动力。因此，加强对员工参与的社会和经济支持可能有助于提高参与率。公司规模对 WHPP 的参与率有负面影响，这意味着较大的公司在实施此类计划时需要考虑到其规模和相应的复杂性。
