Roski J, Perry C L, McGovern P G, Williams C L, Farbakhsh K, Veblen-Mortenson S
Allina Health System, Minneapolis, MN 55440, USA.
Health Educ Res. 1997 Jun;12(2):255-66. doi: 10.1093/her/12.2.255.
Social environment risk factors present in schools and communities have not been thoroughly investigated. This study cross-sectionally examined the social environments of schools and communities, and their influence on adolescent alcohol and drug use. Survey responses of eighth grade students (N = 2309), a random half of their parents (n = 943), community leaders (n = 118), school principals (n = 30), school counselors (n = 30) and chemical health providers (n = 14) were pooled to create indices of social environmental norms, role models, social support and opportunities for non-use of alcohol. Each index was examined for its association with prevalences from 30 schools of alcohol use onset, last-month alcohol use, heavy alcohol use and last-year marijuana use in univariate and stepwise regression analyses. Increases in the levels of norms, role models and opportunities for non-use predicted decreases in alcohol use prevalences. The explanatory power of the examined constructs in multivariate analyses was acceptably high (R2: 38-53%). These findings further support the notion that community-wide efforts need to be launched to affect changes in the normative, role model and opportunity structures of adolescents' social environments in order to curb adolescent alcohol and drug use.
学校和社区中存在的社会环境风险因素尚未得到充分调查。本研究对学校和社区的社会环境及其对青少年饮酒和吸毒的影响进行了横断面研究。汇总了八年级学生（N = 2309）、随机抽取的一半家长（n = 943）、社区领袖（n = 118）、学校校长（n = 30）、学校辅导员（n = 30）和药物健康服务提供者（n = 14）的调查回复，以创建社会环境规范、榜样、社会支持和不饮酒机会的指数。在单变量和逐步回归分析中，考察了每个指数与30所学校的饮酒起始率、上月饮酒率、重度饮酒率和去年大麻使用率之间的关联。规范、榜样和不饮酒机会水平的提高预示着饮酒率的下降。在多变量分析中，所考察结构的解释力较高（R2：38 - 53%）。这些发现进一步支持了这样一种观点，即需要开展全社区范围的努力，以影响青少年社会环境的规范、榜样和机会结构的变化，从而遏制青少年饮酒和吸毒行为。
