Landsbergis P A, Schnall P L, Deitz D K, Warren K, Pickering T G, Schwartz J E
Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 1998 Mar-Apr;12(4):237-45. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-12.4.237.
To assess the association between job demands, job decision latitude, and job strain (defined by Karasek as a combination of high demands and low decision latitude) and cardiovascular disease-related health behaviors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol use, lack of exercise, and overweight.
Cross-sectional and prospective.
Nine New York City public and private sector worksites.
Two hundred eighty-five male employees, aged 30 to 60, in a wide variety of white-collar and blue-collar job titles.
Medical examinations and surveys, which included demographic, health behavior, and job characteristics data.
Prospectively, among 189 men, increase in job decision latitude over 3 years was associated with decrease in cigarette smoking, by analysis of covariance, controlling for age, race, education, marital status, and number of children at home (F (8, 180) = 4.37, p = .005). The largest increase in latitude occurred among the 13 men who quit smoking. However, change in job characteristics was not associated with change in overweight or alcohol use. Cross-sectional analyses did not produce consistent associations.
The effectiveness of smoking cessation may be aided by modification of structural features of the work environment, such as job decision latitude. This study is limited by the small number of subjects who were engaged in high risk behaviors.
评估工作要求、工作决策自由度与工作压力（Karasek 将其定义为高要求与低决策自由度的组合）之间的关联，以及与心血管疾病相关的健康行为，如吸烟、饮酒、缺乏运动和超重。
横断面研究和前瞻性研究。
纽约市的九个公共和私营部门工作场所。
285 名年龄在 30 至 60 岁之间、从事各种白领和蓝领工作的男性员工。
医学检查和调查，包括人口统计学、健康行为和工作特征数据。
前瞻性研究中，在 189 名男性中，通过协方差分析，在控制年龄、种族、教育程度、婚姻状况和家中子女数量后（F(8, 180) = 4.37，p = .005），3 年期间工作决策自由度的增加与吸烟量的减少相关。自由度增加最大的是 13 名戒烟者。然而，工作特征的变化与超重或饮酒的变化无关。横断面分析未产生一致的关联。
工作环境的结构特征（如工作决策自由度）的改变可能有助于提高戒烟效果。本研究受限于从事高风险行为的受试者数量较少。
