Hellerstedt W L, Jeffery R W
Maternal and Child Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
Int J Epidemiol. 1997 Jun;26(3):575-83. doi: 10.1093/ije/26.3.575.
This study examined whether self-reported job strain, defined by the Karasek model was associated with some early, potentially modifiable cardiovascular (CVD)-related health characteristics.
Data were gathered in a 1989 cross-sectional survey of 3843 randomly selected men and women employees of 32 worksites in Minnesota. Sex-stratified crude and multivariate analyses examined the independent association of job psychological demands, latitude, and the combination of these two job domains (i.e. strain), to body mass index (BMI), smoking, exercise, and dietary fat intake.
Job demands was positively associated with smoking, smoking intensity, and high fat intake in men and with BMI and smoking intensity in women. Job latitude was positively associated with exercise in men and women. High-strain men smokers smoked more than other workers and high-strain women had higher BMI than other women.
Overall, self-reported job demands, latitude, and job strain were associated with some CVD-related health characteristics, but the effects were not similar in magnitude or direction for all characteristics and they varied by sex.
本研究探讨了由 Karasek 模型定义的自我报告的工作压力是否与一些早期的、潜在可改变的心血管疾病（CVD）相关健康特征有关。
数据收集于 1989 年对明尼苏达州 32 个工作场所的 3843 名随机选取的男性和女性员工进行的横断面调查。按性别分层的粗分析和多变量分析检验了工作心理需求、工作自由度以及这两个工作领域的组合（即压力）与体重指数（BMI）、吸烟、运动和饮食脂肪摄入量之间的独立关联。
工作需求与男性的吸烟、吸烟强度和高脂肪摄入呈正相关，与女性的 BMI 和吸烟强度呈正相关。工作自由度与男性和女性的运动呈正相关。高压力男性吸烟者比其他工人吸烟更多，高压力女性的 BMI 比其他女性更高。
总体而言，自我报告的工作需求、工作自由度和工作压力与一些 CVD 相关健康特征有关，但并非所有特征的影响在程度或方向上都相似，且存在性别差异。
