Skogen Jens Christoffer, Thørrisen Mikkel Magnus, Bonsaksen Tore, Vahtera Jussi, Sivertsen Børge, Aas Randi Wågø
Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.
Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
Front Psychol. 2019 Sep 13;10:2079. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02079. eCollection 2019.
There is ample evidence of associations between a perceived stressful working environment and several health-related outcomes. To better understand potential mechanisms behind these observations some studies have focused on the relationship between effort-reward imbalance at work and alcohol consumption. So far, the findings have been inconsistent. One reason for this inconsistency might come from the focus on alcohol consumption , while disregarding other aspects such as adverse consequences related to the consumption of alcohol. The aim of the present study was to explore associations between perceived effort and reward, effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment, and alcohol-related problems. Using data from the alcohol screening component in the Norwegian WIRUS-project ( = 5,080), we ascertained the perceived effort, reward, effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and overcommitment using the effort-reward imbalance questionnaire. Alcohol-related problems was determined using a cut-off ≥8 on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Associations were estimated using crude and adjusted logistic regression models. Covariates were age, gender and education. We found associations between different aspects of ERI and overcommitment, and alcohol-related problems. Specifically, the main analysis indicated that there was an increased odds for alcohol-related problems among those who reported high levels of ERI in conjunction with high overcommitment [adjusted OR: 1.40 (CI 95% 1.10-1.78)] compared to those with low levels of ERI and low overcommitment. Our findings suggest that ERI and overcommitment is associated with increased likelihood of alcohol-related problems. These findings indicate that individual and work-related factors should be taken into account collectively when aiming to determine the impact of psychosocial work environment on alcohol-related problems. Due to the cross-sectional nature of the present study, we are not able to determine the direction of the associations, and future studies should aim to investigate this.
有充分证据表明，人们感知到的工作压力环境与若干健康相关结果之间存在关联。为了更好地理解这些观察结果背后的潜在机制，一些研究聚焦于工作中的努力-回报失衡与饮酒之间的关系。到目前为止，研究结果并不一致。这种不一致的一个原因可能在于研究重点放在了饮酒上，而忽略了其他方面，比如与饮酒相关的不良后果。本研究的目的是探讨感知到的努力与回报、努力-回报失衡和过度投入以及与酒精相关的问题之间的关联。利用挪威WIRUS项目中酒精筛查部分的数据（n = 5080），我们使用努力-回报失衡问卷确定了感知到的努力、回报、努力-回报失衡（ERI）和过度投入。使用酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）中≥8的临界值来确定与酒精相关的问题。使用粗逻辑回归模型和调整后的逻辑回归模型估计关联。协变量包括年龄、性别和教育程度。我们发现ERI和过度投入的不同方面与与酒精相关的问题之间存在关联。具体而言，主要分析表明，与ERI水平低且过度投入程度低的人相比，那些报告高水平ERI并伴有高过度投入的人出现与酒精相关问题的几率增加[调整后的比值比：1.40（95%置信区间1.10 - 1.78）]。我们的研究结果表明，ERI和过度投入与与酒精相关问题的可能性增加有关。这些研究结果表明，在旨在确定社会心理工作环境对与酒精相关问题的影响时，应综合考虑个人和与工作相关的因素。由于本研究的横断面性质，我们无法确定关联的方向，未来的研究应旨在对此进行调查。
