Whaley D A, Meloy T P, Barrett S S, Bedillion E J
West Virginia University, Department of Industrial Management Systems Engineering, Safety and Environmental Management Program, Morgantown 26506, USA.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 1999 Feb;22(1):241-73. doi: 10.3109/01480549909029735.
We are reporting a chemical hazard score for pollution prevention, called the Purdue score. The Purdue score provides a relative quantitative measure combining a variety of chemical hazards into a single quantitative hazard weighting factor for the non-expert to use. The main expected uses are to design safer products, assist in implementing and measuring achievement in pollution prevention, and as an adjunct for reporting Toxic Release Inventory data to the U.S. Government. Scoring results are presented for 200 Superfund chemicals, rank ordered by the worker hazard part of the score, by the environmental hazard part, and by combined worker and environmental hazard scores. We have reviewed the extent to which the Purdue score presently incorporates potential for multimedia pathway and multiroute absorption exposure. Until other possible uses have been carefully tested, peer-reviewed and published, users are advised to limit use of this system to planning, implementing and measuring pollution prevention and to enhancing the interpretation of Toxic Release Inventory data. The objective of this report is to look at how the structure of this score handles exposure to chemicals, both via multi-compartment pathways and multi-routes for contact or absorption health damage, as well as how it handles habitat degradation by chemicals. For all of these, the approach is built on inherent properties of each chemical, which are true for all sites and scenarios. The biggest obstacle to scoring is lack of measured chemical property data needed for scoring. We handle missing data by regression, quantitative structure activity relationship estimations, and a missing data default rule. The limitations of chemical hazard scoring are reviewed. At present, there is no widely accepted single measure of relative chemical hazard, against which to calibrate this hazard score for accuracy, except experience from industrial use. However, despite limitations, we suggest there is a strong value added for industry and society in availability of a concise, simple-to-use measure of relative chemical hazard. The Purdue score enables separate or combined consideration of chemical hazard to workers and to the natural environment. The Purdue score has potential for major cost savings in relative hazard ranking and business decision making regarding little-studied organic chemicals, because of the extensive use of advanced property estimation software. We conclude that there is societal need to warrant advanced development of this risk management tool, which is now ready for pilot use by industry. The Purdue score is mainly intended to assist and encourage businesses to implement and measure pollution prevention-especially small businesses--in a cost-effective way. The Purdue score relies strongly on sublethal toxicity, and there is practical potential for it to be used with thousands of chemicals.
我们正在报告一种用于污染预防的化学危害评分，即普渡评分。普渡评分提供了一种相对定量的衡量方法，将多种化学危害综合为一个单一的定量危害权重因子，供非专业人员使用。其主要预期用途包括设计更安全的产品、协助实施和衡量污染预防成果，以及作为向美国政府报告有毒物质排放清单数据的辅助工具。文中给出了200种超级基金化学品的评分结果，分别按评分中的工人危害部分、环境危害部分以及工人和环境危害综合得分进行了排序。我们审查了普渡评分目前纳入多媒体途径和多途径吸收暴露可能性的程度。在其他可能的用途经过仔细测试、同行评审和发表之前，建议用户将该系统的使用限制在规划、实施和衡量污染预防以及加强对有毒物质排放清单数据的解读方面。本报告的目的是研究该评分结构如何处理通过多隔室途径以及多接触或吸收途径导致健康损害的化学品暴露情况，以及它如何处理化学品对栖息地的退化问题。对于所有这些情况，该方法基于每种化学品的固有特性，这些特性适用于所有场所和情景。评分的最大障碍是缺乏评分所需的实测化学性质数据。我们通过回归分析、定量构效关系估计以及缺失数据默认规则来处理缺失数据。文中还审查了化学危害评分的局限性。目前，除了工业使用经验外，没有被广泛接受的相对化学危害单一衡量标准来校准此危害评分的准确性。然而，尽管存在局限性，我们认为对于工业界和社会而言，提供一种简洁、易用的相对化学危害衡量标准具有很大的附加价值。普渡评分能够分别或综合考虑化学品对工人和自然环境的危害。由于广泛使用先进的性质估计软件，普渡评分在对研究较少的有机化学品进行相对危害排名和商业决策方面具有大幅节省成本的潜力。我们得出结论，社会需要对这种风险管理工具进行深入开发，目前它已可供工业界进行试点使用。普渡评分主要旨在协助并鼓励企业，尤其是小企业，以具有成本效益的方式实施和衡量污染预防。普渡评分强烈依赖亚致死毒性，并且实际上有可能用于数千种化学品。
