Whaley D A, Keyes D, Khorrami B
West Virginia University (WVU), Industrial and Management Systems Engineering Dept., Room 321, Mineral Resources Building, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 2001 Nov;24(4):359-420. doi: 10.1081/dct-100106265.
Research continues to support the theory of endocrine disruption. Endocrine disruption is defined as the ability of a chemical contaminating the workplace or the environment to interfere with homeostasis, development, reproduction, and/or behavior in a living organism or it's offspring. Certain classes of environmentally persistent chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, and some pesticides can adversely effect the endocrine systems of aquatic life and terrestrial wildlife. The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTN), developed a method for hazard scoring chemicals for the aquatic ecosystem. The Indiana Clean Manufacturing Technology and Safe Materials Institute at Purdue University (CMTI) later expanded the scoring system to include terms for worker hazard as well as terms for contamination of soil and air quality, and for stratospheric ozone depletion. We call the CMTI chemical hazard score the Purdue score. At West Virginia University, two improvements of the Purdue chemical hazard score are developed, a normalizing of the term for soil contamination, and addition of hazard score terms for ecosystem endocrine disruption. The results of incorporating endocrine disruption terms into the hazard scoring equations resulted in increased hazard rankings, often substantially increased, for 26 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) among 200 Superfund chemicals. Because data suggesting human endocrine disruption from such chemicals is still controversial, no endocrine disruptor term has been added to the human toxicity portions of the chemical hazard scoring system at this time. The third product of this work is assembly of a current consolidated list of (1) established or probable, mostly synthetic, industrial chemical and medication EDCs and (2) suspect (less certain) synthetic and natural (phytoestrogen) possible endocrine disrupting chemicals, with the goal of contributing to future development of quantitative structure activity relationship software for predicting whether an untested chemical is likely to be an endocrine disruptor. We conclude that enough endocrine disrupting chemicals are now identified to make an attempt at developing structure activity estimates of disrupting potential worthwhile. Further, we conclude that within a group of 200 chemicals of concern to the US EPA, the addition of endocrine disrupting terms to the Purdue score substantially increases its representativeness in reflecting ecological exposure hazard. We have developed this enhanced Purdue score risk management tool to be of assistance to industry.
研究继续支持内分泌干扰理论。内分泌干扰被定义为一种污染工作场所或环境的化学物质干扰生物体或其后代体内平衡、发育、繁殖和/或行为的能力。某些种类的环境持久性化学物质，如多氯联苯（PCBs）、二恶英、呋喃和一些农药，会对水生生物和陆地野生动物的内分泌系统产生不利影响。田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校（UTN）开发了一种对水生生态系统中的化学物质进行危害评分的方法。普渡大学的印第安纳清洁制造技术与安全材料研究所（CMTI）后来扩展了评分系统，纳入了工人危害相关术语以及土壤污染、空气质量和平流层臭氧消耗的相关术语。我们将CMTI化学危害评分称为普渡评分。在西弗吉尼亚大学，对普渡化学危害评分进行了两项改进，一是对土壤污染术语进行归一化，二是增加了生态系统内分泌干扰的危害评分术语。将内分泌干扰术语纳入危害评分方程的结果是，在200种超级基金化学物质中，26种内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）的危害排名增加，且往往大幅增加。由于表明此类化学物质会干扰人类内分泌的数据仍存在争议，目前化学危害评分系统的人类毒性部分尚未添加内分泌干扰物术语。这项工作的第三个成果是汇编了一份当前的综合清单，其中包括（1）已确定或可能的，大多为合成的工业化学物质和药物类内分泌干扰物，以及（2）可疑（确定性较低）的合成和天然（植物雌激素）可能的内分泌干扰化学物质，目的是为未来开发用于预测未经测试的化学物质是否可能是内分泌干扰物的定量构效关系软件做出贡献。我们得出结论，现在已识别出足够多的内分泌干扰化学物质，值得尝试开发干扰潜力的构效估计。此外，我们得出结论，在美国环境保护局关注的200种化学物质中，在普渡评分中添加内分泌干扰术语可大幅提高其在反映生态暴露危害方面的代表性。我们开发了这种增强的普渡评分风险管理工具，以协助行业。
