Karas A Z
Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 1999 Feb;14(1):15-26. doi: 10.1016/S1096-2867(99)80023-1.
Small animal patients must often undergo veterinary procedures that are painful or distressful, for which judicious use of sedatives or other agents with anesthetic or analgesic properties can be useful. If the degree of sedation is profound enough, such "chemical restraint" may be employed to provide immobilization for radiographs or minor surgical procedures. The choice of agents to be used will depend upon the physiologic state and cooperative nature of the patient and the desired endpoint, ie, anxiolysis versus deep sedation with analgesia. This report discusses important features of patient assessment, preparation, equipment needs, consideration of the types of procedures for which sedation is useful, and recovery considerations. A brief review is included of the useful effects and contraindications for the various agents employed, and doses for each are listed. Algorithms are presented for a given category of patient, leading the practitioner through a decision making strategy to arrive at examples of sedation or chemical restraint protocols that are commonly found to be effective by the author.
小动物患者常常需要接受痛苦或令人不适的兽医诊疗程序，对此，审慎使用具有麻醉或镇痛特性的镇静剂或其他药物可能会有所帮助。如果镇静程度足够深，这种“化学约束”可用于为X光检查或小型外科手术提供制动。所用药物的选择将取决于患者的生理状态、配合程度以及预期的终点，即抗焦虑与深度镇静加镇痛。本报告讨论了患者评估、准备、设备需求的重要特征，对使用镇静剂有益的诊疗程序类型的考量，以及恢复方面的考量。还简要回顾了所用各种药物的有益效果和禁忌证，并列出了每种药物的剂量。针对特定类别的患者给出了算法，引导从业者通过决策策略得出作者通常认为有效的镇静或化学约束方案示例。
