Schyns P G, Oliva A
Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK.
Cognition. 1999 Jan 1;69(3):243-65. doi: 10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00069-9.
Are categorization and visual processing independent, with categorization operating late, on an already perceived input, or are they intertwined, with the act of categorization flexibly changing (i.e. cognitively penetrating) the early perception of the stimulus? We examined this issue in three experiments by applying different categorization tasks (gender, expressive or not, which expression and identity) to identical face stimuli. Stimuli were hybrids: they combined a man or a woman with a particular expression at a coarse spatial scale with a face of the opposite gender with a different expression at the fine spatial scale. Results suggested that the categorization task changes the spatial scales preferentially used and perceived for rapid recognition. A perceptual set effect is shown whereby the scale preference of an important categorization (e.g. identity) transfers to resolve other face categorizations (e.g. expressive or not, which expression). Together, the results suggest that categorization can be closely bound to perception.
分类和视觉处理是相互独立的吗？分类是在后期对已经感知到的输入进行操作，还是它们相互交织，分类行为会灵活地改变（即认知穿透）对刺激的早期感知？我们通过对相同的面部刺激应用不同的分类任务（性别、是否有表情、何种表情以及身份），在三个实验中研究了这个问题。刺激是混合的：它们在粗糙的空间尺度上把一个有特定表情的男性或女性与在精细空间尺度上有不同表情的异性面孔结合在一起。结果表明，分类任务会改变优先用于快速识别和被感知到的空间尺度。研究显示了一种知觉定势效应，即重要分类（如身份）的尺度偏好会转移，以解决其他面部分类（如是否有表情、何种表情）。总之，结果表明分类可能与感知紧密相连。
