Schlein Y, Jacobson R L
Department of Parasitology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Med Vet Entomol. 1999 Feb;13(1):65-71. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.1999.00138.x.
The sugar diet and life-span of Phlebotomus papatasi were studied in a typical zoonotic focus of Leishmania major in an arid area of the Jordan Valley during 1996-1997. Plant-tissue residues (cellulose particles) were identified in the stained guts of 23% of P. papatasi and significant amounts of sugar were found in the gut of 16%. Feeding on different plants was demonstrated by using their branches, suffused with cellulose stain, as baits in the field. Ingested, stained cellulose was detected in 10% of the sandflies (6% of males, 12.5% of females) caught near bait-branches of common local plants, mostly Chenopodiaceae. The similar rates of plant and sugar feeding, with the observed absence of aphids (ruling out the availability of honeydew), implied that the sugar meals of sandflies were obtained directly from plants. The relative paucity of sugar meals in P. papatasi coincided with a short life-span, evaluated by daily growth lines in the cuticle. The age of the oldest females was estimated to be 8 days, and 6 days for males. Under local conditions, the first gonotrophic cycle can be completed in 6 days and the usual transmission of L. major is apparently afterwards, when females ingest blood to initiate another cycle. Only about 9% of P. papatasi females survived > 6 days.
1996 - 1997年期间，在约旦河谷干旱地区一个典型的硕大利什曼原虫动物源性病媒疫源地，对巴氏白蛉的食糖情况和寿命进行了研究。在23%的巴氏白蛉染色肠道中发现了植物组织残渣（纤维素颗粒），16%的肠道中发现了大量糖分。通过在野外使用浸有纤维素染料的当地常见植物枝条作为诱饵，证明了巴氏白蛉以不同植物为食。在靠近当地常见植物（主要是藜科植物）诱饵枝条捕获的白蛉中，10%（雄性为6%，雌性为12.5%）检测到摄入了染色纤维素。植物取食率和糖分取食率相似，且未观察到蚜虫（排除了蜜露的可获得性），这表明白蛉的糖餐直接取自植物。通过角质层中的每日生长线评估，巴氏白蛉糖餐相对较少与其寿命较短相吻合。估计最老雌性白蛉的年龄为8天，雄性为6天。在当地条件下，第一个生殖营养周期可在6天内完成，硕大利什曼原虫的通常传播显然在此之后，即雌性白蛉吸食血液开始另一个周期时。只有约9%的巴氏白蛉雌性存活超过6天。
