Ren Y, Savill J
Division of Renal & Inflammatory Disease, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
Cell Death Differ. 1998 Jul;5(7):563-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400407.
In vivo, cells undergoing apoptosis are usually recognised and swiftly ingested by macrophages or neighbouring cells acting as semi-professional phagocytes. This review debates evidence that the contents of apoptotic cells represent a danger to the organism, being capable of injuring tissue directly or triggering autoimmune responses, concluding that phagocytic clearance of intact apoptotic cells is a safe disposal route. Indeed, new data suggest that, in certain circumstances, phagocytes ingesting apoptotic cells may actively downregulate inflammatory and immune responses. Consequently, increasing evidence that there may be factors capable of perturbing safe clearance of apoptotic cells in vivo suggests that failure of this process may be a hitherto unrecognised pathogenetic factor in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. New treatments designed to promote safe phagocytic clearance of dying cells can be anticipated, and it may even prove possible to eliminate unwanted cells by inducing appearance of cell surface 'eat me' signals.
在体内，发生凋亡的细胞通常会被巨噬细胞或充当半专职吞噬细胞的邻近细胞识别并迅速吞噬。本综述探讨了相关证据，即凋亡细胞的内容物对机体构成危险，能够直接损伤组织或引发自身免疫反应，并得出结论：完整凋亡细胞的吞噬清除是一种安全的处理途径。事实上，新数据表明，在某些情况下，吞噬凋亡细胞的吞噬细胞可能会积极下调炎症和免疫反应。因此，越来越多的证据表明，体内可能存在能够干扰凋亡细胞安全清除的因素，这表明该过程的失败可能是炎症和自身免疫性疾病中一个迄今未被认识的致病因素。可以预期会有旨在促进对垂死细胞进行安全吞噬清除的新疗法出现，甚至有可能通过诱导细胞表面“吃我”信号的出现来清除不需要的细胞。
