Hannuksela M, Kousa M, Pirilä V
Contact Dermatitis. 1976 Aug;2(4):201-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1976.tb03027.x.
Common emulsifiers were tested in over 1,200 patients with eczema. Triethanolamine stearate tested at 5% in petrolatum caused irritant reactions in 9.5% of the patients. On the other hand, non-ionic emulsifying agents tested at 10-20% produced irritation in only a few cases. Allergic reactions were found in 2.1% of those tested. Lanette, sorbitan sesquioleate, the Spans, polyoxyethylene oxypropylene stearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol lanolin derivative, and triethanolamine stearate each elicited allergic reactions in 0.3-0.7% of the cases. The Tweens caused an allergy in only two cases, but glycerol monostearate caused no reaction at all. Five out of six patients sensitive to sorbitan sesquioleate reacted positively to the Spans as well. The patients allergic to one or more emulsifiers were also sensitive to several other substances included in our routine test series with the exception of four patients who reacted only to the emulsifying agents.
对1200多名湿疹患者测试了常见乳化剂。在凡士林油中5%浓度测试的硬脂酸三乙醇胺导致9.5%的患者出现刺激性反应。另一方面，在10%-20%浓度测试的非离子型乳化剂仅在少数病例中产生刺激。在接受测试者中发现2.1%有过敏反应。十六醇、倍半油酸失水山梨醇酯、司盘类、聚氧乙烯氧丙烯硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇羊毛脂衍生物以及硬脂酸三乙醇胺在各0.3%-0.7%的病例中引发过敏反应。吐温类仅在两例中引起过敏，但单硬脂酸甘油酯根本未引发反应。对倍半油酸失水山梨醇酯敏感的6名患者中有5名对司盘类也呈阳性反应。除了4名仅对乳化剂有反应的患者外，对一种或多种乳化剂过敏的患者对我们常规测试系列中的其他几种物质也敏感。
