Cardiff R D, Wellings S R
Department of Pathology and The Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 1999 Jan;4(1):105-22. doi: 10.1023/a:1018712905244.
The mouse has emerged as a primary animal model for human breast cancer because the mammary glands of the two species are very similar in structure and function. In this regard the TDLU and LA have similar morphology. The mouse, infected by MMTV, develops "spontaneous" tumors with specific but limited tumor phenotypes. The advent of genetic manipulation has created transgenic mice that develop hyperplasias and tumors morphologically and cytochemically comparable to lesions in humans. Even experienced pathologists have difficulty distinguishing between lesions from the two species, and the morphological similarities support the utility of the mouse model in understanding human breast cancer. In this essay we review our experience with the histopathology of human and mouse mammary disease by comparing the normal gland with hyperplastic, dysplastic and neoplastic lesions of traditional and transgenic origin.
小鼠已成为人类乳腺癌的主要动物模型，因为这两个物种的乳腺在结构和功能上非常相似。在这方面，终末导管小叶单位（TDLU）和乳腺叶（LA）具有相似的形态。感染小鼠乳腺肿瘤病毒（MMTV）的小鼠会发展出具有特定但有限肿瘤表型的“自发”肿瘤。基因操作的出现创造了转基因小鼠，其发生的增生和肿瘤在形态学和细胞化学上与人类病变相似。即使是经验丰富的病理学家也难以区分这两个物种的病变，形态学上的相似性支持了小鼠模型在理解人类乳腺癌方面的实用性。在本文中，我们通过比较正常腺体与传统和转基因来源的增生性、发育异常性和肿瘤性病变，回顾了我们在人类和小鼠乳腺疾病组织病理学方面的经验。
