Gordon-Salant S, Fitzgibbons P J
Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1999 Apr;42(2):300-11. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4202.300.
This investigation examined age-related performance differences on a range of speech and nonspeech measures involving temporal manipulation of acoustic signals and variation of stimulus complexity. The goal was to identify a subset of temporally mediated measures that effectively distinguishes the performance patterns of younger and older listeners, with and without hearing loss. The nonspeech measures included duration discrimination for simple tones and gaps, duration discrimination for tones and gaps embedded within complex sequences, and discrimination of temporal order. The speech measures were undistorted speech, time-compressed speech, reverberant speech, and combined time-compressed + reverberant speech. All speech measures were presented both in quiet and in noise. Strong age effects were observed for the nonspeech measures, particularly in the more complex stimulus conditions. Additionally, age effects were observed for all time-compressed speech conditions and some reverberant speech conditions, in both quiet and noise. Effects of hearing loss were observed also for the speech measures only. Discriminant function analysis derived a formula, based on a subset of these measures, for classifying individuals according to temporal performance consistent with age and hearing loss categories. The most important measures to accomplish this goal involved conditions featuring temporal manipulations of complex speech and nonspeech signals.
本研究考察了在一系列语音和非语音测量任务中与年龄相关的表现差异，这些任务涉及对声学信号的时间操纵以及刺激复杂性的变化。目的是确定一组受时间调节的测量指标，以有效区分有听力损失和无听力损失的年轻和年长听众的表现模式。非语音测量指标包括简单音调与间隙的时长辨别、复杂序列中音调与间隙的时长辨别以及时间顺序辨别。语音测量指标包括无失真语音、时间压缩语音、混响语音以及时间压缩加混响语音。所有语音测量指标均在安静和噪声环境中呈现。在非语音测量指标中观察到了明显的年龄效应，尤其是在更复杂的刺激条件下。此外，在安静和噪声环境中，所有时间压缩语音条件以及一些混响语音条件下均观察到了年龄效应。仅在语音测量指标中也观察到了听力损失的影响。判别函数分析基于这些测量指标的一个子集得出了一个公式，用于根据与年龄和听力损失类别一致的时间表现对个体进行分类。实现这一目标最重要的测量指标涉及对复杂语音和非语音信号进行时间操纵的条件。
